Editing Prostate (section)

===In urination===
{{see also|Surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia}}
The prostate's changes of shape, which facilitate the mechanical switch between urination and ejaculation, are mainly driven by the two longitudinal muscle systems running along the prostatic urethra. These are the ''urethral [[dilator]]'' (''musculus dilatator urethrae'') on the urethra's front side, which contracts during urination and thereby shortens and tilts the prostate in its vertical dimension thus widening the prostatic section of the urethral tube,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hocaoglu |first1=Y |last2=Roosen |first2=A |last3=Herrmann |first3=K |last4=Tritschler |first4=S |last5=Stief |first5=C |last6=Bauer |first6=RM |year=2012 |title=Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): anatomical changes during physiological voiding in men. |journal=BJU Int |volume=109 |issue=2 |pages=234–9 |doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10255.x |pmid=21736694 |s2cid=9423239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hocaoglu |first1=Y |last2=Herrmann |first2=K |last3=Walther |first3=S |last4=Hennenberg |first4=M |last5=Gratzke |first5=C |last6=Bauer |first6=R |display-authors=etal |year=2013 |title=Contraction of the anterior prostate is required for the initiation of micturition. |journal=BJU Int |volume=111 |issue=7 |pages=1117–23 |doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11698.x |pmid=23356864 |s2cid=31046054}}</ref> and the muscle switching the urethra into the ejaculatory state (''musculus ejaculatorius'') on its backside.<ref name="Schünke-2012" />

In case of an operation, e.g. because of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), damaging or sparing of these two muscle systems varies considerably depending on the choice of operation type and details of the procedure of the chosen technique. The effects on postoperational urination and ejaculation vary correspondingly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lebdai |first1=S |last2=Chevrot |first2=A |last3=Doizi |first3=S |last4=Pradere |first4=B |last5=Delongchamps |first5=NB |last6=Benchikh |first6=A |display-authors=etal |year=2019 |title=Do patients have to choose between ejaculation and miction? A systematic review about ejaculation preservation technics for benign prostatic obstruction surgical treatment. |url=http://website60s.com/upload/files/world-journal-of-urology-v37-iss2-a10.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=World J Urol |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=299–308 |doi=10.1007/s00345-018-2368-6 |pmid=29967947 |s2cid=49556196 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811023908/http://website60s.com/upload/files/world-journal-of-urology-v37-iss2-a10.pdf |archive-date=2021-08-11 |access-date=2020-11-16}}</ref>