Editing Pumped-storage hydroelectricity (section)

===Seawater===
Pumped storage plants can operate with seawater, although there are additional challenges compared to using fresh water, such as saltwater corrosion and barnacle growth.<ref>{{cite Q|Q107212803}}</ref> Inaugurated in 1966, the 240&nbsp;MW [[Rance Tidal Power Station|Rance tidal power station]] in France can partially work as a pumped-storage station. When high tides occur at off-peak hours, the turbines can be used to pump more seawater into the reservoir than the high tide would have naturally brought in. It is the only large-scale power plant of its kind.

In 1999, the 30&nbsp;MW [[Okinawa Yanbaru Seawater Pumped Storage Power Station|Yanbaru project]] in Okinawa was the first demonstration of seawater pumped storage. It has since been decommissioned. A 300&nbsp;MW seawater-based Lanai Pumped Storage Project was considered for Lanai, Hawaii, and seawater-based projects have been proposed in Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2012 |title=Massive Energy Storage, Courtesy of West Ireland |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/massive-energy-storage-courtesy-west-ireland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908034315/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2012/02/massive-energy-storage-courtesy-west-ireland |archive-date=8 September 2017 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website=sciencemag.org}}</ref> A pair of proposed projects in the [[Atacama Desert]] in northern Chile would use 600&nbsp;MW of photovoltaic solar (Skies of Tarapacá) together with 300&nbsp;MW of pumped storage (Mirror of Tarapacá) lifting seawater {{convert|600|m}} up a coastal cliff.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2015 |title=Project Espejo de Tarapacá |url=http://valhalla.cl/espejo-de-tarapaca/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618160703/http://valhalla.cl/espejo-de-tarapaca/ |archive-date=18 June 2017 |access-date=19 June 2017 |website=Valhalla}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2016 |title=The Mirror of Tarapaca: Chilean power project harnesses both sun and sea |url=https://www.power-technology.com/features/featurethe-mirror-of-tarapaca-chilean-power-project-harnesses-both-sun-and-sea-4872272/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504012539/https://www.power-technology.com/features/featurethe-mirror-of-tarapaca-chilean-power-project-harnesses-both-sun-and-sea-4872272/ |archive-date=4 May 2019 |access-date=4 May 2019}}</ref>