Editing Quraysh (section)

=== Islamic leadership after Muhammad's death ===
With Muhammad's death in 632, rivalry emerged between the Quraysh and the two other components of the Muslim elite, the [[Ansar (Islam)|Ansar]] and the Thaqif, over influence in state matters.{{Sfn|Donner|1981|p=273}} The Ansar wanted one of their own to succeed the prophet as [[caliph]], but were persuaded by [[Umar]] to agree to Abu Bakr.{{Sfn|Watt|1986|p=435}} During the reigns of Abu Bakr ({{Reign|632|634}}) and Umar ({{Reign|634|644}}), some of the Ansar were concerned about their political stake.{{Sfn|Donner|1981|pp=273–274}} The Quraysh apparently held real power during this period marked by the [[early Muslim conquests|Muslim conquests]]. During the [[First Fitna]], the Ansar, who backed Caliph [[Ali]] of the Banu Hashim against two factions representing rival Qurayshi clans, were defeated. They were subsequently left out of the political elite, while the [[Banu Thaqif|Thaqif]] maintained a measure of influence by dint of their long relationship with the Quraysh.{{Sfn|Donner|1981|p=274}}

A [[hadith]] holding that the caliph must be from Quraysh became almost universally accepted by the Muslims, with the exception of the [[Kharijites]].{{Sfn|Watt|1986|p=435}} Indeed, control of the Islamic state essentially devolved into a struggle between various factions of the Quraysh.{{Sfn|Donner|1981|p=274}} In the first civil war, these factions included the Banu Umayya represented by [[Mu'awiya I|Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan]], the Banu Hashim represented by Ali, and other Qurayshi leaders such as [[al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]] of the Banu Asad and [[Talha ibn Ubayd Allah]] of the Banu Taym.{{Sfn|Donner|1981|pp=274–275}} Later, during the [[Second Fitna]], these same factions again fought for control of the [[caliphate]], with the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]]s victorious at the war's conclusion in 692/693. In 750, the issue of which Qurayshi clan would hold the reins of power was again raised but this time, the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]]s, a branch of the Banu Hashim, were victorious and slew much of the Banu Umayya. Afterward, Islamic leadership was contested between different branches of the Banu Hashim.{{Sfn|Donner|1981|p=275}}