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Religious discrimination
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=== [[India]] === {{Main|Religious violence in India|Violence against Muslims in independent India|Violence against Christians in India|Hindu terrorism}} {{See also|Hindutva|Hindu nationalism}} Although the [[Constitution of India]] prohibits discrimination based on religion<ref>[[s:Constitution of India/Part III|Constitution of India, Part III]], Article 15</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite book|last1=Viswanath|first1=Rupa|editor-last1=Vertovec|editor-first1=Steven|editor-link1=Steven Vertovec|year=2015|title=Routledge International Handbook of Diversity Studies|chapter=Silent Minority: Celebrated Difference, Caste Difference and the Hinduization of Modern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=az2LBQAAQBAJ|location=[[New York City|New York]]|publisher=[[Routledge]]|pages=140β150|oclc=900901900|isbn=9780415813860}}</ref> discrimination and [[religious violence in India]] are frequent, sometimes even involving the function of government.<ref name="ClashWithin">{{cite book|last1=Nussbaum|first1=Martha Craven|author-link1=Martha Nussbaum|year=2007|title=The Clash Within : Democracy, Religious Violence, and India's Future|chapter=Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JLMQh4oc38gC|location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] and [[London, England]]|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|page=1|oclc=1006798430|isbn=9780674030596|quote=In order to understand India's current situation, we need to turn to a set of events that show more clearly than others how far the ideals of respectful pluralism and the rule of law have been threatened by religious ideology. These events are a terrible instance of genocidal violence; but they are more than that. The deeper problem they reveal is that of violence aided and abetted by the highest levels of government and law enforcement, a virtual announcement to minority citizens that they are unequal before the law and that their lives are not worth legal and police protection.}}</ref> For example [[dalit]] people who are not [[Hinduism|Hindu]], [[Sikhism|Sikh]], or [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] are not covered by the ''[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]]'' laws and hence [[dalit Christian]]s and Muslims do not receive the [[affirmative action]] political representation and educational placement, welfare benefits, and [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989|hate crimes protections]] accorded to their fellows.<ref name="handbook"/> Dalits worshipping the same gods as Hindus were previously considered to be of a different religion and in the early twentieth century the question "Is he a Hindu or Pariah?" had currency.<ref name="handbook"/><ref name="caravanmagazine.in">{{cite magazine|last1=Mohan|first1=Gopu|date=1 January 2018|title= The 'P' Word: The dark history of 'pariah'|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/perspectives/dark-history-pariah-caste-legacy|access-date=1 October 2020|url-access=subscription|department=Commentary|magazine=[[The Caravan]]|issn=0008-6150|oclc=613494967|lccn=2010328410}}</ref>
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