Editing Reporter gene (section)

== Current Applications ==
'''''Common Research Applications'''''

The most commonly used application used for Reporter genes has been for the identification of cis and trans acting elements. Through fusion to the promoter region of possible trans-cis acting elements, the change in fluorescence is measured and allows for tracking into [https://www.promega.com/resources/guides/cell-biology/bioluminescent-reporters/ transcriptional activity].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Bioluminescent Reporters {{!}} Reporter Gene Applications {{!}} An Introduction to Reporter Genes |url=https://www.promega.com/resources/guides/cell-biology/bioluminescent-reporters/ |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=www.promega.com}}</ref> This provides useful information into understanding the pathways these elements are involved in and its regulatory uses for [https://www.promega.com/resources/guides/cell-biology/bioluminescent-reporters/ cell development and growth].<ref name=":12" /> [[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03372.x|Immune responses]] are also a commonly used application of reporter genes and have benefited greatly through their use. They have allowed for further understanding in cell proliferation and differentiation into [[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03372.x|B-cells and T-cells]] during immune responses and have contributed to understanding activation through tracking cytokine signaling pathways.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Croxford |first1=Andrew L. |last2=Buch |first2=Thorsten |date=2011 |title=Cytokine reporter mice in immunological research: perspectives and lessons learned |journal=Immunology |language=en |volume=132 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03372.x |issn=1365-2567 |pmc=3015069 |pmid=21070235}}</ref>

The development of [https://www.biocompare.com/26140-Reporter-Cell-Lines/#:~:text=Reporter%20cell%20lines%20are%20stable,consideration%20when%20selecting%20your%20product. reporter cell lines] have also emerged with the discovery and use of reporter genes.<ref name=":12" /> The cell lines are labelled with reporter genes to allow for fluorescent detection to help with identification into proteins used in cellular pathways and identification into [https://www.biocompare.com/26140-Reporter-Cell-Lines/#:~:text=Reporter%20cell%20lines%20are%20stable,consideration%20when%20selecting%20your%20product. protein localization].<ref name=":11" /> This has allowed for a simple way to study protein progression that doesn't permit further experimentation for introduction and fusion of a reporter gene as the reporter gene is already present in the cell line.

'''''Common Medical Applications'''''

Tracking expression has allowed for multiple investigations into the progression of [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5996353/ diseased cells].<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Mengting |last2=Wang |first2=Yichun |last3=Liu |first3=Mei |last4=Lan |first4=Xiaoli |date=2018-04-18 |title=Multimodality reporter gene imaging: Construction strategies and application |url=https://www.thno.org/v08p2954.htm |journal=Theranostics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=2954–2973 |doi=10.7150/thno.24108 |issn=1838-7640 |pmc=5996353 |pmid=29896296}}</ref> Reporter genes have shown to provide critical insight into genes upregulated in cancer regulatory pathways as well as the identification into [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5996353/ oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes]. These have been used for further research into the development of therapeutics to stop further disease progression and metastasis.<ref name=":3" /> Gene therapy has also been tracked through the use of reporter genes. This allows for the monitoring of [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8517204/ gene therapy vectors] to see if they are achieving intended results as well as to monitor patient safety for short and long term periods.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Taghian |first1=Toloo |last2=Batista |first2=Ana Rita |last3=Kamper |first3=Sarah |last4=Caldwell |first4=Michael |last5=Lilley |first5=Laura |last6=Li |first6=Hao |last7=Rodriguez |first7=Paola |last8=Mesa |first8=Katerina |last9=Zheng |first9=Shaokuan |last10=King |first10=Robert M. |last11=Gounis |first11=Matthew J. |last12=Todeasa |first12=Sophia |last13=Maguire |first13=Anne |last14=Martin |first14=Douglas R. |last15=Sena-Esteves |first15=Miguel |date=2021-12-10 |title=Real-time MR tracking of AAV gene therapy with βgal-responsive MR probe in a murine model of GM1-gangliosidosis |journal=Molecular Therapy Methods & Clinical Development |language=English |volume=23 |pages=128–134 |doi=10.1016/j.omtm.2021.08.003 |issn=2329-0501 |pmc=8517204 |pmid=34703836}}</ref> Therapeutics developed have benefited from the use of reporter genres such as a dual-reporter system developed for [[CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing|CRISPR/Cas9]] models to monitor progression and success and benefits of being gene editing tools.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wen-Hsin |last2=Völse |first2=Kerstin |last3=Senft |first3=Daniela |last4=Jeremias |first4=Irmela |date=2021-06-16 |title=A reporter system for enriching CRISPR/Cas9 knockout cells in technically challenging settings like patient models |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=12649 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-91760-9 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=8209181 |pmid=34135367}}</ref>