Editing Restoration Movement (section)

=== Background ===
The Campbell wing of the movement was launched when [[Thomas Campbell (minister)|Thomas Campbell]] published the ''[[Declaration and Address|Declaration and Address of the Christian Association of Washington]]'' in 1809.<ref name="McAlister & Tucker, 1975" />{{rp|108–11}} The Presbyterian Synod had suspended his ministerial credentials. In ''The Declaration and Address,'' he set forth some of his convictions about the church of Jesus Christ. He organized the [[Christian Association of Washington]] in [[Washington County, Pennsylvania]] on the western frontier of the state, not as a church but as an association of persons seeking to grow in faith.<ref name="McAlister & Tucker, 1975" />{{rp|108–11}} On May 4, 1811, the Christian Association reconstituted itself as a [[Congregationalist polity|congregationally governed]] church. With the building it constructed at Brush Run, Pennsylvania, it became known as [[Brush Run Church]].<ref name="McAlister & Tucker, 1975" />{{rp|117}} When their study of the New Testament led the reformers to begin to practice [[Immersion baptism|baptism by immersion]], the nearby [[Redstone Baptist Association]] invited Brush Run Church to join with them for the purpose of fellowship. The reformers agreed, provided that they would be "allowed to preach and to teach whatever they learned from the Scriptures."<ref name="Davis, 1915">Davis, M. M. (1915). [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HHgRAAAAIAAJ <!-- quote=davis "how the disciples began". --> ''How the Disciples Began and Grew, A Short History of the Christian Church''], Cincinnati: The Standard Publishing Company</ref>{{rp|86}}

[[File:Alexander Campbell Age 65.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|[[Alexander Campbell (clergyman)|Alexander Campbell]]]]
Thomas' son Alexander came to the U.S. to join him in 1809.<ref name="Allen & Hughes 1988" />{{rp |106}} Before long, he assumed the leading role in the movement.<ref name="Allen & Hughes 1988" />{{rp |106}} The Campbells worked within the Redstone Baptist Association during the period 1815 through 1824. While both the Campbells and the Baptists shared practices of baptism by immersion and [[Congregationalist polity|congregational polity]], it quickly became clear the Campbells and their associates were not traditional Baptists. Within the Redstone Association, some of the Baptist leaders considered the differences intolerable when Alexander Campbell began publishing a journal, ''The [[Christian Baptist]],'' which promoted reform. Campbell anticipated the conflict and moved his membership to a congregation of the [[Mahoning Baptist Association]] in 1824.<ref name="McAlister & Tucker, 1975" />{{rp|131}} In 1827, the Mahoning Association appointed [[Walter Scott (clergyman)|Walter Scott]] as an [[Evangelism|evangelist]]. Through Scott's efforts, the Mahoning Association grew rapidly. In 1828, Thomas Campbell visited several of the congregations formed by Scott and heard him preach. Campbell believed that Scott was bringing an important new dimension to the movement with his approach to evangelism.<ref name="McAlister & Tucker, 1975" />{{rp|132–3}}

Alexander used ''The Christian Baptist'' to address what he saw as the key issue of reconstructing the apostolic Christian community in a systematic and rational manner.<ref name="Allen & Hughes 1988" />{{rp|106}} He wanted to clearly distinguish between essential and non-essential aspects of primitive Christianity.<ref name="Allen & Hughes 1988" />{{rp|106}} Among what he identified as essential were "congregational autonomy, a [[Ecclesiastical polity|plurality]] of [[Elder (Christianity)|elders]] in each congregation, weekly communion and immersion for the remission of sins."<ref name="Allen & Hughes 1988" />{{rp|106}} Among practices he rejected as non-essential were "the holy kiss, deaconesses, communal living, footwashing and charismatic exercises."<ref name="Allen & Hughes 1988" />{{rp|106}}

[[File:Walter Scott (Evangelist).jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|[[Walter Scott (Clergyman)|Walter Scott]]]]
Several Baptist associations began disassociating congregations that refused to subscribe to the [[Confession of Faith (1689)|Philadelphia Confession]].<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/pctoc.htm | title = Reformed reader | contribution = Philadelphia Confession}}.</ref> The Mahoning Association came under attack. In 1830, The Mahoning Baptist Association disbanded. The younger Campbell ceased publication of the ''Christian Baptist''. In January 1831, he began publication of the ''[[Millennial Harbinger]]''.<ref name="McAlister & Tucker, 1975" />{{rp|144–5}}