Editing Ritualization (section)

=== Connecting the function to previous literature ===
====Émile Durkheim's social solidarity theory====

In Durkheim's famous writing “[[The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life]] (1912)”, he theorized the distinction between traditional and modern societies in terms of social solidarity. He stated [[social solidarity]] is the ensemble of beliefs, which acts as the glue that holds society together. [[Traditional societies]] and modern societies differ fundamentally in terms of their structure and function and this is where the significance of ritualization becomes apparent.

Traditional societies are bound by [[mechanical solidarity]], characterized by a collective conscience. This [[collective conscience]] is a shared mindset among all members of the society, forming a moral community. The core of this type of society is a sacred collective ideal that embodies the group's virtues and serves as a source of identity. Consequently, individuals in these societies are united by shared values, norms, and beliefs, which are reinforced through ritualization. In traditional societies, there is a belief in a single, correct way of living, and any deviations are deemed sinful.

Ritualization is crucial for maintaining mechanical solidarity. Rituals allow group members to experience the power of the group over the self. Additionally, ritualization in the form of punishment for deviance serves as a potent method for curbing deviant behavior in traditional societies. By enforcing moral boundaries, ritual punishment helps to preserve [[social cohesion]] and unity within the group.

Later, his supporters, Victor Turner and Randall Collins expanded the theory of ritualization in different directions through their own research papers.

Turner expands on Durkheim's ideas by focusing on the roles rituals play in social structure and transition. He emphasizes the importance of “[[communitas]],” a state of social unity and cohesion that emerges during rituals or other shared experiences, transcending the ordinary divisions and hierarchies within society. On this basis, individuals participating in rituals temporarily set aside their [[social roles]] and come together as equals.

In Collins’ paper, he builds upon Durkheim's ideas and proposes that rituals generate emotional energy, which in turn fosters social solidarity. Through a series of “interaction ritual chains,” individuals feel connected to one another and experience a sense of belonging.