Editing Roraima (section)

== Demography ==
{{Historical populations|21=1950|22=18116|23=1960|24=29489|25=1970|26=41638|27=1980|28=82018|29=1991|30=215950|31=2000|32=324397|33=2010|34=450479|35=2022|36=636707|footnote=Source:<ref name="census2022">{{Cite web|url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/|title=2022 Census Overview|language=pt}}</ref>}}[[File:Imagem de satélite de Boa Vista, Roraima em 2017.jpg|thumb|Satellite image of Boa Vista, capital of Roraima, in 2017.]]
[[File:Roraima DensidadePopulacional.svg|thumb|Population density in Roraima in the 2010 census.<br>
{{legend|#acadff|> 25/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#e4e4ff|1 – 25/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#FFFFFF|0 – 1/km<sup>2</sup>}}
]]

According to the population estimate of 2020 carried out by the [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]] (IBGE), Roraima had a population of 631,181 inhabitants, which makes the state the least populous federative unit in Brazil.<ref name=":0" /> The capital, [[Boa Vista, Roraima|Boa Vista]], concentrates 66.4% of the state's population.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-07-06|title=Censo 2010: Boa Vista concentra 65,3% da população de Roraima; São Luis é o menos populoso com 1,5%|url=http://www.seplan.rr.gov.br/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=125|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706160155/http://www.seplan.rr.gov.br/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=125|archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> The population of Roraima has almost doubled in twenty years. In 1991, the state had only 217,583 inhabitants, a significant increase of 95.51% in population growth.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=População cresce, mas sem infraestrutura|url=http://www.folhabv.com.br/Noticia_Impressa.php?id=98503|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224042208/http://folhabv.com.br/Noticia_Impressa.php?id=98503|archive-date=24 December 2010|url-status=dead|access-date=March 16, 2011|publisher=Jornal Folha de Boa Vista}}</ref> The municipalities that showed the highest population growth were [[Boa Vista, Roraima|Boa Vista]], the capital, and [[Rorainópolis]]. As for the annual population growth in Roraima, the state ranks among the fastest-growing in Brazil, with a rate of 4.6%, much higher than the national average of 1.6% growth. In this regard, it is second only to [[Amapá]], which registers more than 5% annual growth.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Brasil - Roraima|url=http://www.portalbrasil.net/estados_rr.htm|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.portalbrasil.net}}</ref> However, this high population growth has been declining in recent years.<ref name=":11" /> An example of this is the rate presented in 2000 when Roraima showed 49.09% of population growth with 1991. In the last census, in 2010, that number dropped to 31.13%.<ref name=":11" /> Of the total population of the state in 2010, 229,343 inhabitants are men and 221,884 inhabitants are women.<ref>{{Cite web|title=População recenseada por situação do domicílio, sexo, forma de declaração da idade, idade e relação com a pessoa responsável pelo domicílio|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/estadosat/temas.php?sigla=rr&tema=censo2010_primeiros_resultados|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217095111/http://ibge.gov.br/estadosat/temas.php?sigla=rr&tema=censo2010_primeiros_resultados|archive-date=17 December 2010|url-status=dead|publisher=IBGE - Sidra}}</ref> In recent years, the growth of the urban population has intensified significantly, exceeding the total rural population. According to the 2000 estimate, 80.3% of the inhabitants lived in cities.<ref name=":12" />

The [[population density]] was 1.8 inhab./km<sup>2</sup> in 2006.<ref name=":12" /> This mark is lower than the Brazilian density, 19.94 inhab./km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censo Demográfico de 1991. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 1991.</ref> The distribution of the state population is uneven, with a greater concentration in the capital region and the south of the state. Five municipalities – Boa Vista, Rorainópolis, Alto Alegre, Caracaraí and Bonfim – concentrate more than half of the population of Roraima.<ref name=":12" />

In 2017, the [[Human Development Index]] (HDI) of Roraima was 0.752, considered high and placing the state in 12th position among the 26 states in Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Atlas Brasil|url=https://atlasbrasil.org.br/ranking|access-date=2021-04-25|website=atlasbrasil.org.br|archive-date=18 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018052711/http://www.atlasbrasil.org.br/ranking|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{col-begin|width=auto}}
{{col-break}}
{{quote box|width=100%|align=right|quote=
{{Color box|#b4ddb4|†|border=darkgray}} Region seat<br>
{{Color box|#CCF|††|border=darkgray}} State capital and region seat
|source=}}
{{col-end}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Municipalities in Roraima by population in 2020<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|title=IBGE Roraima Panorama|url=https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/rr/panorama|access-date=2021-04-25|website=cidades.ibge.gov.br}}</ref>
!Rank
!Municipality
![[Intermediate and Immediate Geographic Regions|Immediate region]]
!Population
(2020)
!Percentage of total
population
|- style="background-color:#CCF;"
|align=center|1
|[[Boa Vista, Roraima|Boa Vista]] ††
|Boa Vista
|align=center|419,652
|align=center|66.4%
|- style="background-color:#b4ddb4;"
|align=center|2
|[[Rorainópolis]] †
|Rorainópolis
|align=center|30,782
|align=center|4.8%
|- style="background-color:#b4ddb4;"
|align=center|3
|[[Caracaraí]] †
|Caracaraí
|align=center|22,283
|align=center|3.5%
|- style="background-color:#b4ddb4;"
|align=center|4
|[[Pacaraima]] †
|Pacaraima
|align=center|18,913
|align=center|2.9%
|-
|align=center|5
|[[Cantá]]
|Boa Vista
|align=center|18,799
|align=center|2.9%
|-
|align=center|6
|[[Mucajaí]]
|Boa Vista
|align=center|18,172
|align=center|2.8%
|-
|align=center|7
|[[Alto Alegre, Roraima|Alto Alegre]]
|Boa Vista
|align=center|15,380
|align=center|2.4%
|-
|align=center|8
|[[Amajari]]
|Pacaraima
|align=center|13,185
|align=center|2.0%
|-
|align=center|9
|[[Bonfim, Roraima|Bonfim]]
|Boa Vista
|align=center|12,557
|align=center|1.9%
|-
|align=center|10
|[[Iracema, Roraima|Iracema]]
|Caracaraí
|align=center|12,296
|align=center|1.9%
|-
|align=center|11
|[[Normandia, Roraima|Normandia]]
|Pacaraima
|align=center|11,532
|align=center|1.8%
|-
|align=center|12
|[[Uiramutã]]
|Pacaraima
|align=center|10,789
|align=center|1.7%
|-
|align=center|13
|[[Caroebe]]
|Rorainópolis
|align=center|10,383
|align=center|1.6%
|-
|align=center|14
|[[São João da Baliza]]
|Rorainópolis
|align=center|8,348
|align=center|1.3%
|-
|align=center|15
|[[São Luiz, Roraima|São Luiz]]
|Rorainópolis
|align=center|8,110
|align=center|1.2%
|}

=== Ethnicity ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Ethnicities of Roraima in 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/|title=Censo 2022 - Panorama}}</ref>
|label1 = ''[[Pardo]]'' (mixed-race)
|value1 = 57.3
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[White Brazilians|White]]
|value2 = 20.7
|color2 = Blue
|label3 = [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Indigenous]]
|value3 = 14.1
|color3 = Purple
|label4 = [[Afro-Brazilians|Black]]
|value4 = 7.7
|color4 = Red
|label5 = [[Asian Brazilians|Asian]]
|value5 = 0.1
|color5 = Yellow
}}
Cultural, political and economic traits inherited from the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], [[Spaniards|Spanish]] and [[Dutch people|Dutch]] are influential in Roraima. Also, the importance of the [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|indigenous peoples]] in terms of ethnic contribution cannot be forgotten. It was the indigenous people who initiated human occupation in the [[Amazon basin|Amazon region]], and their descendants, the ''[[caboclo]]s'', developed in close contact with the environment, adapting to the regional peculiarities and opportunities offered by the forest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ensaios sobre a riqueza do pensamento ameríndio|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbcsoc/v18n51/15992.pdf|access-date=March 17, 2011|publisher=Scielo}}</ref>

In its historical formation, the Roraiman demography is the result of the [[miscegenation]] of the three basic ethnic groups that make up the population in the state: the Indigenous, the Europeans and the Africans, thus forming the mestizos of the region (''[[caboclo]]s''). Later, with the arrival of migrants, especially from the [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast of Brazil]],<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last=Vale|first=Ana Lia Farias|date=August 2006|title=Imigração de nordestinos para Roraima|journal=Estudos Avançados|language=pt|volume=20|issue=57|pages=255–261|doi=10.1590/S0103-40142006000200019|issn=0103-4014|doi-access=free}}</ref> a "broth" of singular culture was formed, which characterizes a large part of the population, its values and way of life.<ref name=":13" />

According to the [[2022 Brazilian census|2022 census]], the total population of Roraima was composed of ''[[Pardo]]s'' ([[Multiracial people|mixed-race]], 57.3%), [[White Brazilians|Whites]] (20.7%), [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Indigenous]] (14.1%), [[Afro-Brazilians]] (7.7%) and [[Asian Brazilians|Asians]] (0.1%).<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo 2022 - Panorama |url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/}}</ref> Roraima also recognizes [[mestizo]] identity. Mestizo Day (June 27) is an official date in the state.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-27|title=Você sabia que 27 de junho é o Dia do Mestiço? -|url=https://nacaomestica.org/blog4/?p=19226|access-date=2021-04-25|language=pt-BR}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
[[File:Catedral Cristo Redentor-RR.jpg|left|thumb|Christ the Redeemer Cathedral]]
According to data from 2010, from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the main religious denominations of Roraima were: Catholicism (50.5%), [[Protestantism]] (30.3%), [[Irreligion|no religion]] (12.98%), Indigenous religions (2.75%), [[Kardecist spiritism|Spiritism]] (0.91%), [[Buddhism]] (0.13%), [[Candomblé]] (0.08%), [[Western esotericism|Esoteric traditions]] (0.03%), [[Judaism]] and [[Islam]] (0.03% each), [[Umbanda]] (0.02%) and [[Hinduism]] (0.01%).<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Tabela 2094: População residente por cor ou raça e religião |url=https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/Tabela/2094 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=sidra.ibge.gov.br}}</ref> The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Roraima]] with 22 parishes under Bishop Evaristo Pascoal Spengler (2023),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/drora.html | title=Roraima (Diocese) &#91;Catholic-Hierarchy&#93; }}</ref> a [[suffragan diocese]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manaus|Archdiocese of Manaus]], is the only Catholic diocese in the state of Roraima. It belongs to the [[Ecclesiastical Province]] of Manaus and the Northern Regional Episcopal Council of the [[National Conference of Bishops of Brazil]]. The episcopal see is in the Cristo Redentor Cathedral, in the city of [[Boa Vista, Roraima|Boa Vista]]. In addition to the majority Catholic Church, there are dozens of different Protestant denominations in the state.<ref name=":14" /> In recent years, [[Eastern religions]], [[Mormonism]] and evangelical denominations have grown considerably in the state.<ref name=":14" /> Among the Christian restorationist denominations, [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] (0.55%) and [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (0.15%) stand out. Among the new Eastern religions, the [[Church of World Messianity]] stands out (0.06%). Other beliefs are shared by 1.47% of the population.<ref name=":14" />

=== Education ===
In 2009, the state had a network of 585 [[Primary school|elementary schools]], of which 322 are state schools, 252 municipal, 10 [[Independent school|private]] and 1 federal public school. The teaching staff consisted of 4,842 teachers, of whom 2,952 worked in state public schools, 1,627 in municipal public schools and 217 in private schools. 86,547 students studied in these schools, of which 82,208 in public schools and 4,339 in private schools. [[Secondary school|High school]] was given in 100 establishments, with an enrollment of 17,512 students. Of the 17,512 students, 16,175 were in public schools and 1,337 in private schools.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|title=Escolas|url=http://www.6becnst.eb.mil.br/index_arquivos/Page706.htm|access-date=March 28, 2011|publisher=6º BEC}}</ref>

[[File:Bloco I UFRR.jpg|left|thumb|Block I of the [[Federal University of Roraima]] (UFRR), on the Paricarana campus.]]
As for higher education, the [[Federal University of Roraima]] (UFRR), the State University of Roraima (UERR) and the Federal Institute of Roraima (IFRR) stand out. There are also private Higher Education establishments: Roraiman College of Higher Education (FARES),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faculdade Roraimense de Ensino Superior|url=http://www.fares.edu.br/|access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> Estácio Atual College,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faculdade Estácio Atual|url=http://www.faculdadeatual.edu.br/|access-date=February 4, 2014|archive-date=28 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228023950/http://www.faculdadeatual.edu.br/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cathedral College and Faculty of Sciences, Education and Theology of Northern Brazil (FACETEN).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faculdade Cathedral|url=http://www.cathedral.edu.br/|access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mundo Vestibular. Faculdade de Ciências, Educação e Teologia do Norte do Brasil|url=http://www.mundovestibular.com.br/articles/4084/1/Faculdade-de-Ciencias-Educacao-e-Teologia-do-Norte-do-Brasil---FACETEN/Paacutegina1.html|access-date=February 4, 2014|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204161125/http://www.mundovestibular.com.br/articles/4084/1/Faculdade-de-Ciencias-Educacao-e-Teologia-do-Norte-do-Brasil---FACETEN/Paacutegina1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web|title=Ensino - matrículas, docentes e rede escolar 2008|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/estadosat/temas.php?sigla=rr&tema=educacao2009|access-date=March 28, 2011|publisher=IBGE}}</ref><ref name=":21" />

About 14,500 pre-school students were also registered, divided into 270 teaching units. Of these, 258 were municipal, with none at the state level. There were 857 pre-school teachers in the state.<ref name=":22" />

In 2019 the [[illiteracy rate]] in the state was 5%, placing Roraima in the [[List of Brazilian states by literacy rate|7th position among the states of Brazil with the highest percentage of literate population]], ahead of all states in the [[North Region, Brazil|North]] and [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast]] regions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IBGE: Analfabetismo cai no país, mas fica estagnado no Nordeste|url=https://valor.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2020/07/15/ibge-analfabetismo-cai-no-pas-mas-fica-estagnado-no-nordeste.ghtml|access-date=2021-05-01|website=Valor Econômico|date=15 July 2020 |language=pt-br}}</ref> In 2019, in the Basic Education Development Index (IDEB), the state reached a score of 5.7 points, being higher than the national average and becoming the 15th position among the Brazilian states.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MEC|url=http://ideb.inep.gov.br/resultado/resultado/resultado.seam?cid=9371902|access-date=2021-05-02|website=ideb.inep.gov.br|language=pt-br}}</ref>

In 2011, the average grade of Roraima in the [[National High School Exam]] (ENEM) is 35.03 in the objective test and 56.37 in the essay test, being one of the highest scores in the North-Northeast of Brazil. In these two regions, Roraima lost only to [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] (57.77). However, even with the second highest score, the Roraiman average was below the national average, which was 57.26. Regarding the number of students, 7,463 participated in ENEM in 2010, of which 2,404 were high school graduates and 4,493 graduates. 85.52% of the total students came from public schools.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enem: Roraima supera Norte e Nordeste|url=https://governo-rr.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/268784/enem-roraima-supera-norte-e-nordeste|access-date=2021-05-02|website=Jusbrasil|language=pt-br}}</ref>

A survey carried out by [[G1 (website)|Portal G1]] identified Roraima as one of the Brazilian states that best remunerates middle school teachers, with an average salary of [[Brazilian real|R$]] 2,099.47 for 25 hours per week. According to the survey, the highest salary in the country, in the [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] – in the amount of R $3,121.96 – was related to a workload of 40 hours. In the same year, the NGO Todos pela Educação also mentioned Roraima as the second Brazilian state with the highest investment in basic education students per year, with R$4,834.43, for each student.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-06-29|title=Educação em Roraima é considerada uma das melhores do país|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/sociedade/educacao/educacao-em-roraima-considerada-uma-das-melhores-do-pais-2787832|access-date=2021-05-02|website=O Globo|language=pt-BR}}</ref>

=== Health care ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; float:right; margin:1em; border-collapse:border; text-align:center;"
![[Child mortality]]
|20.1 per thousand births<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|title=Brasil - Roraima|url=http://www.portalbrasil.net/estados_rr.htm|access-date=2021-05-02|website=www.portalbrasil.net}}</ref>
|-
!Doctors
|8.3 per 10,000 inhab. (2005)<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|date=2009|title=Serviços de saúde 2009|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/estadosat/temas.php?sigla=rr&tema=servicossaude2009|access-date=March 28, 2011|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]]}}</ref>
|-
!Hospital beds
|1.6 per thousand inhab. (2005)<ref name=":24" />
|}

In 2005, there were 455 [[Hospital|hospital establishments]] in the state, with 725 [[Hospital bed|beds]] and 56 doctors, 10 graduated nurses and 60 nursing assistants.<ref name=":24" /> In 2010, of the 455 existing hospitals, 378 were for adults and children, 22 were exclusively for children, being 49 general and 3 specialized.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cadernos de Informações em Saúde - Roraima|url=http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/tabdata/cadernos/rr.htm|access-date=2021-05-02|website=tabnet.datasus.gov.br}}</ref> In 2005, 85.2% of the population of Roraima had access to the water network, while 75% benefited from the sanitary [[sewage]] network.<ref name=":23" />

According to the 2010 Brazilian Census, 81.4% of the population of Roraima rated their health as good or excellent; 72.5% of the population regularly undergo medical consultations; 44.9% of the inhabitants consulted the dentist regularly and 7.4% of the population has been hospitalized in the last twelve months. Approximately 22% of the inhabitants declared to have a [[Chronic condition|chronic disease]] and only 9.8% have health insurance. Another significant fact is the fact that 44.7% of the inhabitants declare that they always need the Family Health Unit Program (PUSF).<ref name=":26">{{Cite web|title=Acesso e Utilização dos Serviços, Condições de Saúde e Fatores de Risco e Proteção à Saúde 2008|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/estadosat/temas.php?sigla=rr&tema=pnad_saude_2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903060718/http://www.ibge.gov.br/estadosat/temas.php?sigla=rr&tema=pnad_saude_2008|archive-date=3 September 2010|url-status=dead|access-date=April 11, 2011|website=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]]}}</ref>

Regarding [[women's health]], 30.5% of women over 40 years old had a [[Clinical breast examination|clinical breast exam]] in the last twelve months; 39.1% of women between 50 and 69 years old had a [[Mammography|mammogram]] in the last twenty-four months, and 85.6% of women between 25 and 59 years old had a preventive exam for [[cervical cancer]] in the last thirty-six months.<ref name=":26" />