Editing Samoa (section)

====Mau movement====
The second major incident arose out of an initially peaceful protest by the [[Mau movement|Mau]] (which literally translates as "strongly held opinion"), a non-violent popular pro-independence movement which had its beginnings in the early 1900s on Savai'i, led by [[Lauaki Namulauulu Mamoe]], an orator chief deposed by Solf. In 1909, Lauaki was exiled to [[Saipan]] and died en route back to Samoa in 1915.

By 1918, Western Samoa had a population of some 38,000 Samoans and 1,500 Europeans.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wartime administration – capture of German Samoa |url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/capture-of-samoa/administration |work=NZHistory.net.nz |access-date=18 October 2010 |archive-date=24 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524060134/http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/capture-of-samoa/administration |url-status=live }}</ref>

However, native Samoans greatly resented New Zealand's colonial rule, and blamed inflation and the catastrophic 1918 flu epidemic on its misrule.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hiery |first1=Hermann |year=1992 |title=West Samoans between Germany and New Zealand 1914–1921 |journal=War and Society |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=53–80 |doi=10.1179/072924792791198986}}</ref> By the late 1920s the resistance movement against colonial rule had gathered widespread support. One of the Mau leaders was [[Olaf Frederick Nelson]], a half Samoan and half Swedish merchant.<ref>{{DNZB|title=Nelson, Olaf Frederick 1883 – 1944|last=Laracy|first=Hugh|id=4N5 |access-date=29 June 2011}}</ref> Nelson was eventually [[exile]]d during the late 1920s and early 1930s, but he continued to assist the organisation financially and politically. In accordance with the Mau's non-violent philosophy, the newly elected leader, High Chief Tupua Tamasese Lealofi, led his fellow uniformed Mau in a peaceful demonstration in downtown Apia on 28 December 1929.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Mau Movement |url=http://www.globaled.org.nz/comm/documents/GlobalBits_Parihaka_000.pdf |access-date=27 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127054637/http://www.globaled.org.nz/comm/documents/GlobalBits_Parihaka_000.pdf |archive-date=27 November 2007}}</ref>

The New Zealand police attempted to arrest one of the leaders in the demonstration. When he resisted, a struggle developed between the police and the Mau. The officers began to fire randomly into the crowd and used a [[Lewis machine gun]], mounted in preparation for the demonstration, to disperse the demonstrators.<ref>{{cite book |author=Field, Michael |title=Black Saturday: New Zealand's tragic blunders in Samoa |publisher=Reed Publishing (NZ) |location=Auckland, N.Z. |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7900-1103-5}}</ref> Mau leader and paramount chief [[Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III]] was shot from behind and killed while trying to bring calm and order to the Mau demonstrators. Ten others died that day and approximately 50 were injured by gunshot wounds and police batons.<ref>{{cite news |title=History and migration: Who are the Samoans? |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/NewZealandPeoples/Samoans/1/en |work=Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga |access-date=27 November 2007 |archive-date=14 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614111823/http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/NewZealandPeoples/Samoans/1/en |url-status=live }}</ref> That day would come to be known in Samoa as Black Saturday.

On 13 January 1930, the New Zealand authorities banned the organisation. As many as 1500 Mau men took to the bush, pursued by an armed force of 150 marines and seamen from the [[light cruiser]] [[HMS Dunedin|HMS ''Dunedin'']], and 50 military police. They were supported by a seaplane flown by Flight Lieutenant [[Sidney Wallingford]] of the [[New Zealand Permanent Air Force]]. Villages were raided, often at night and with fixed bayonets. In March, through the mediation of local Europeans and missionaries, Mau leaders met New Zealand's Minister of Defence and agreed to disperse.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=New Zealand in Samoa, pp. 7–8 |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/samoa |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=nzhistory.govt.nz |language=en |archive-date=12 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212085257/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/samoa |url-status=live }}</ref>

Supporters of the Mau continued to be arrested, so women came to the fore rallying supporters and staging demonstrations. The political stalemate was broken following the victory of the Labour Party in New Zealand's 1935 general election. A 'goodwill mission' to Apia in June 1936 recognised the Mau as a legitimate political organisation, and Olaf Nelson was allowed to return from exile.<ref name=":2" /> In September 1936, Samoans exercised for the first time the right to elect the members of the advisory ''[[Fono of Faipule]]'',<ref>[https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-312543610/view?partId=nla.obj-312598495#page/n9/mode/1up Restless Samoan Mau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214215458/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-312543610/view?partId=nla.obj-312598495#page/n9/mode/1up |date=14 December 2022 }} ''Pacific Islands Monthly'', October 1936, p8</ref> with representatives of the [[Mau movement]] winning 31 of the 39 seats.<ref name="PIM1">[https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-315282345/view?partId=nla.obj-315297578#page/n30/mode/1up "A Step Towards Self-Government"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214215454/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-315282345/view?partId=nla.obj-315297578#page/n30/mode/1up |date=14 December 2022 }} ''Pacific Islands Monthly'', September 1959, p29</ref>