Editing San Francisco (section)

=== Contemporary era ===
{{see also|San Francisco in the 1970s}}
[[File:Alexander Loudon, de Nederlandse ambassadeur in de Verenigde Staten, ondertekent in aanwezigheid van Charles Olke (II) van der Plas en andere leden van de Nederlandse delegatie het handvast van de Uni, KITLV 403000.tiff|thumb|left|The [[United Nations]] was created in San Francisco in 1945, when the [[United Nations Charter]] was signed at the [[United Nations Conference on International Organization|San Francisco Conference]].]]
During [[World War II]], the city-owned [[Sharp Park Detention Station|Sharp Park]] in [[Pacifica, California|Pacifica]] was used as an [[Japanese American internment|internment camp]] to detain [[Japanese Americans]].<ref name="dark past">{{cite news |last1=Kamiya |first1=Gary |title=The dark past of San Francisco's Sharp Park |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/vault/portalsofthepast/article/san-francisco-sharp-park-17383752.php |website=San Francisco Chronicle |date=August 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819155120/https://www.sfchronicle.com/vault/portalsofthepast/article/san-francisco-sharp-park-17383752.php |access-date=June 9, 2023|archive-date=August 19, 2022 }}</ref> [[San Francisco Naval Shipyard|Hunters Point Naval Shipyard]] became a hub of activity, and [[Fort Mason]] became the primary port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the [[Asiatic-Pacific Theater|Pacific Theater of Operations]].<ref name="WWII">{{cite web |date=August 28, 2007 |title=Port of Embarkation Essay—World War II in the San Francisco Bay Area |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/embarkation.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624074834/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/embarkation.htm |archive-date=June 24, 2011 |access-date=June 22, 2011 |work=A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary |publisher=US Department of the Interior}}</ref> The explosion of jobs drew many people, especially [[Second Great Migration (African American)|African Americans from the South]], to the area. After the end of the war, many military personnel returning from service abroad and civilians who had originally come to work decided to stay. The [[United Nations Charter]] creating the [[United Nations]] was drafted and signed in San Francisco in 1945 and, in 1951, the [[Treaty of San Francisco]] re-established peaceful relations between Japan and the [[Allies of World War II|Allied Powers]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Price |first1=John |title=A Just Peace? The 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty in Historical Perspective |url=http://www.jpri.org/publications/workingpapers/wp78.html |website=[[Japan Policy Research Institute]] |access-date=December 8, 2020 |date=June 2001 |archive-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207102227/http://www.jpri.org/publications/workingpapers/wp78.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Urban planning projects in the 1950s and 1960s involved widespread destruction and redevelopment of west-side neighborhoods and the construction of new [[freeway]]s, of which only a series of short segments were built before being halted by [[Highway revolts in the United States#San Francisco|citizen-led opposition]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Fang|first=Eric|title=Urban Renewal Revisited: A Design Critique|work=SPUR Newsletter|publisher=San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association|date=February 1999|url=http://www.spur.org/publications/library/article/urbanrenewalrevisited02011999|access-date=August 3, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011043744/http://www.spur.org/publications/library/article/urbanrenewalrevisited02011999|archive-date=October 11, 2009}}</ref> The onset of [[containerization]] made San Francisco's small piers obsolete, and cargo activity moved to the larger [[Port of Oakland]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last = Rubin|first = Jasper|title = The Decline of the Port – A look at the transformation of the Port of San Francisco|journal=SPUR Newsletter|date=November 1999|url = http://www.spur.org/publications/library/article/declineofport11011999|quote = The final, insurmountable decline in San Francisco's shipping activity was heralded in 1958 by the departure of the first containerized freighter from San Francisco Bay.|access-date = January 5, 2013}}</ref> The city began to lose industrial jobs and turned to tourism as the most important segment of its economy.<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Terplan|first = Egon|title = Organizing for Economic Growth – A new approach to business attraction and retention in San Francisco|journal=SPUR Report|date = June 7, 2010|url = http://www.spur.org/publications/library/report/organizing-economic-growth|quote = During the 1960s and 1970s San Francisco's historic maritime industry relocated to Oakland. ... San Francisco remained a center for business and professional services (such as consulting, law, accounting and finance) and also successfully developed its tourism sector, which became the leading local industry.|access-date = January 5, 2013}}</ref> The suburbs experienced rapid growth, and San Francisco underwent significant demographic change, as large segments of the white population left the city, supplanted by an increasing wave of [[Immigration to the United States|immigration]] from Asia and Latin America.<ref>{{cite web|last = Willis|first=James|author2=Habib, Jerry|author3= Brittan, Jeremy|title = San Francisco Planning Department Census Data Analysis|url = http://bss.sfsu.edu/pamuk/SFDemographics.ppt|publisher=San Francisco State University|date = April 19, 2004|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718191827/http://bss.sfsu.edu/pamuk/SFDemographics.ppt|archive-date = July 18, 2011|format = PPT |access-date =June 13, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last = Minton |first = Torri|title = Race Through Time|work=San Francisco Chronicle|page = SC-4|date = September 20, 1998|url = http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Race-Through-Time-2990221.php|access-date =September 11, 2013}}</ref> From 1950 to 1980, the city lost over 10 percent of its population.

[[File:KFRC Fantasy Fair Dryden Balin Kantner.png|thumb|right|The [[Summer of Love]] in 1967 was an influential [[Counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture]] phenomenon with as many as 100,000 people converging in San Francisco's [[Haight-Ashbury]] neighborhood.]]

Over this period, San Francisco became a magnet for America's [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture movement]]. [[Beat Generation]] writers fueled the [[San Francisco Renaissance]] and centered on the [[North Beach, San Francisco|North Beach]] neighborhood in the 1950s.{{sfn|Wiley|2000|p=240–242}} [[Hippie]]s flocked to [[Haight-Ashbury]] in the 1960s, reaching a peak with the 1967 [[Summer of Love]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/love/filmmore/fd.html|title = American Experience: Summer of Love: Film Description|access-date = June 17, 2008|date = March 14, 2007|work = Website for American Experience documentary on the Summer of Love|publisher = PBS|archive-date = June 5, 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080605215315/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/love/filmmore/fd.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> In 1974, the [[Zebra murders]] left at least 16 people dead.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,911212,00.html |title=Fear in the Streets of San Francisco |date=April 29, 1974 |magazine=Time |access-date=August 28, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203143933/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,911212,00.html |archive-date=December 3, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the 1970s, the city became a center of the [[LGBT social movements|gay rights movement]], with the emergence of [[The Castro, San Francisco|The Castro]] as an urban [[gay village]], the election of [[Harvey Milk]] to the [[San Francisco Board of Supervisors|Board of Supervisors]], and his [[Moscone–Milk assassinations|assassination]], along with that of Mayor [[George Moscone]], in 1978.<ref>{{cite web|title=San Francisco History: The 1970s and 1980s: Gay Rights|url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/sanfrancisco/0029033660.html|work=Destinations: San Francisco|publisher=Frommers.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010718020050/http://www.frommers.com/destinations/sanfrancisco/0029033660.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 18, 2001|access-date=June 17, 2008}}</ref>

[[Bank of America]], now based in [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina]], was founded in San Francisco; the bank completed [[555 California Street]] in 1969. The [[Transamerica Pyramid]] was completed in 1972,<ref>{{cite web|title = Pyramid Facts and Figures |work=Company Profile|publisher=Transamerica Insurance and Investment Group|url = http://www.transamerica.com/company_profile/about_the_pyramid/pyramid_facts_and_figures.asp|access-date =June 13, 2008}}</ref> igniting a wave of "[[Manhattanization]]" that lasted until the late 1980s, a period of extensive high-rise development downtown.{{sfn|Wiley|2000|p=95–96}} The 1980s also saw a dramatic increase in the number of homeless people in the city, an issue that remains today, despite many attempts to address it.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/08/04/MNGILKB9KV1.DTL&ao=all|title = S.F.'s Homeless Aging on the Street / Chronic health problems on the rise as median age nears 50|work = San Francisco Chronicle|last1 = Fagan|first1= Kevin|date = August 4, 2006|access-date =March 6, 2012|quote = The findings support what many social workers have long suspected – that there was a "big bang" homeless population explosion as federal housing programs were slashed and the closing of mental hospitals hit home in the mid-1980s and that this core group constitutes the bulk of the street population.}}</ref> 
[[File:SF Transamerica full CA.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Transamerica Pyramid]], built in 1972, characterized the [[Manhattanization]] of the city's skyline in the 1970–80s.]]
The [[1989 Loma Prieta earthquake]] caused destruction and loss of life throughout the Bay Area. In San Francisco, the quake severely damaged structures in the [[Marina District, San Francisco|Marina]] and [[South of Market, San Francisco|South of Market]] districts and precipitated the demolition of the damaged [[California State Route 480|Embarcadero Freeway]] and much of the damaged [[Central Freeway]], allowing the city to reclaim [[Embarcadero (San Francisco)|The Embarcadero]] as its historic downtown waterfront and revitalizing the [[Hayes Valley, San Francisco|Hayes Valley]] neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hayes Valley Neighborhood Association|url=https://hayesvalleysf.org/|access-date=August 5, 2021}}</ref>

The three recent decades have seen booms driven by the internet industry. During the [[Dot-com bubble|dot-com boom]] of the late 1990s, [[startup company|startup companies]] invigorated the San Francisco economy. Large numbers of entrepreneurs and computer application developers moved into the city, followed by marketing, design, and sales professionals, changing the social landscape as once poorer neighborhoods became increasingly [[Gentrification|gentrified]].<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/05/us/mission-district-fights-case-of-dot-com-fever.html|title = Mission District Fights Case of Dot-Com Fever|work = The New York Times|date = November 5, 2000|last1 =Nieves|first1=Evelyn|access-date =March 5, 2012}}</ref> Demand for new housing and office space ignited a second wave of high-rise development, this time in the South of Market district.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/High-rises-are-a-sign-of-the-times-in-changing-3233641.php|title = High-rises are a sign of the times in changing San Francisco|work = San Francisco Chronicle|date = January 2, 2008|last1 = Nolte|first1=Carl|access-date = July 9, 2012}}</ref> By 2000, the city's population reached new highs, surpassing the previous record set in 1950. When the bubble burst in 2001, many of these companies folded and their employees were laid off. Yet high technology and entrepreneurship remain mainstays of the San Francisco economy. By the mid-2000s (decade), the [[Web 2.0|social media boom]] had begun, with San Francisco becoming a popular location for tech offices and a common place to live for people employed in [[Silicon Valley]] companies such as [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] and [[Google]].<ref>{{cite web|title = City and County of San Francisco: An Overview of San Francisco's Recent Economic Performance|url = http://www.sfeconomicstrategy.org/site/uploadedfiles/moed/economic_strat/ExecutiveSummary_EconomicPerformanceReview.pdf|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053456/http://www.sfeconomicstrategy.org/site/uploadedfiles/moed/economic_strat/ExecutiveSummary_EconomicPerformanceReview.pdf|archive-date = February 1, 2009|access-date =June 19, 2008|first1=Ted |last1=Egan|date = April 3, 2006|work=Report prepared for Mayor's Office of Economic and Workforce Development|publisher=ICF Consulting|quote = Another positive trend for the future is San Francisco's highly entrepreneurial, flexible and innovative economy...San Francisco's very high reliance on small business and self-employment is typical of other dynamic, fast-growing, high-technology areas across the country.}}</ref>

The early 2020s saw a reduction of tech companies' presence in Downtown San Francisco in the wake of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], increased popularity of working at home, and struggles with homelessness. Although some observers have raised the possibility that office vacancies and declining tax revenues could cause San Francisco to enter an economic [[urban doom loop|doom loop]],<ref name=SanFranDoomLoop>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/san-francisco-crime-downtown-doom-loop-e5fcd7ba|title=Can San Francisco Save Itself From the Doom Loop?|first1=Jim|last1=Carlton|first2=Katherine|last2=Bindley|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=August 13, 2023|access-date=November 5, 2023}}</ref><ref name=SanFranDoomLoopCurbed>{{cite web|url=https://www.curbed.com/2023/05/san-francisco-doom-loop.html|title=Spiraling in San Francisco's Doom Loop|quote=What it's like to live in a city that no longer believes its problems can be fixed.|first1=Elizabeth|last1=Weil|publisher=Curbed|date=May 10, 2023|access-date=November 5, 2023}}</ref> other sources have refuted this broad-based characterization of the city as a whole, asserting that the issues of concern are restricted primarily to the urban core of San Francisco.<ref name=DowntownSanFranDying>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/local/article/downtown-san-francisco-retail-dying-sam-altman-20307342.php|title=Downtown San Francisco retail is dying. What's replacing it is so much worse.|author=Ariana Bindman|publisher=SFGate|date=May 6, 2025|access-date=May 6, 2025}}</ref><ref name=SanFranDoomLoopRefute>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/breed-election-doom-loop-18430094.php|title=London Breed vs. the 'doom loop': How will S.F.'s mayor solve her biggest political problem?|first1=J.D.|last1=Morris|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|date=October 30, 2023|access-date=November 5, 2023}}</ref>

The [[San Francisco Armory]], [[Palace of Fine Arts]], [[Haas–Lilienthal House]], and [[450 Sutter Street]] are among the dozens of historical landmarks in the city [[National Register of Historic Places listings in San Francisco|listed on the National Register of Historic Places]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NPGallery Search |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/ |access-date=April 2, 2023 |work=National Park Service}}</ref>