Editing Scale insect (section)

===Products===

Some types of scale insect are economically valuable for the substances they can yield under proper husbandry. Some, such as the [[cochineal]], [[Kermes (insect)|kermes]], [[lac scale|lac]], [[Armenian cochineal]], and [[Polish cochineal]], have been used to produce red dyes for coloring foods and dyeing fabrics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/v8879e/v8879e09.htm |title=Cochineal and Carmine |work=Major colourants and dyestuffs, mainly produced in horticultural systems |publisher=FAO |access-date=June 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ColorAdditives/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/ucm153038.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606162207/http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ColorAdditives/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/ucm153038.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 6, 2009 |title=Guidance for Industry: Cochineal Extract and Carmine |publisher=FDA |access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Munro214">{{cite book |last=Munro |first=John H. |chapter=4: Medieval Woollens: Textiles, Technology, and Organisation c. 800–1500|editor=Jenkins, David |year=2003 |title=The Cambridge History of Western Textiles |volume=I |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-34107-8 |oclc=48475172 |pages=214–215 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory0000unse_l9b6/page/214/mode/1up?view=theater&q=%22Kermes+%28Kermococcus%29+vermilio%22 }}</ref> Both the colour name "[[crimson]]" and the generic name ''Kermes'' are from Italian ''carmesi'' or ''cremesi'' for the dye used for Italian silk textiles, in turn from the Persian<ref>{{cite web |last1=ویکی |first1=پارسی |title=معنی قرمز {{!}} لغت نامه دهخدا |url=https://www.parsi.wiki/fa/wiki/345624/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2 |website=پارسی ویکی |access-date=3 April 2021 |language=fa}}</ref> ''qirmizī'' (قرمز), meaning both the colour and the insect.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crimson (n.) |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/crimson |publisher=Etymology Online |access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref> The colour name "[[Scarlet (color)|scarlet]]" is similarly derived from Arabic ''siklāt'', denoting extremely expensive luxury silks dyed red using kermes.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Munro |first=John |year=2012 | chapter=Scarlet |editor=Gale Owen-Crocker |editor2=Elizabeth Coatsworth |editor3=Maria Hayward |title=Encyclopedia of Medieval Dress and Textiles |publisher=Brill | doi=10.1163/2213-2139_emdt_COM_550 |isbn=978-9004124356 }}</ref>

Some waxy scale species in the genera ''[[Ceroplastes]]'' and ''[[Ericerus]]'' produce materials such as [[Chinese wax]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Zhang, Xiaoming |title=Chinese Furniture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uT-2qaTOYEsC&pg=PA58 |year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-18646-9 |page=58}}</ref> and several genera of [[lac scale]]s produce [[shellac]].<ref>{{cite news |title=How Shellac Is Manufactured |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55073762 |publisher=The Mail (Adelaide, SA : 1912 – 1954) |date=18 Dec 1937}}</ref>

<gallery class="center" mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Indian collecting cochineal.jpg|Collecting scale insects from a prickly pear for a [[dyestuff]], cochineal, 1777
File:Weltliche Schatzkammer Wienc.jpg|Coronation cloak of King [[Roger II of Sicily]], 1133. Silk [[Scarlet (cloth)|scarlet cloth]] dyed with [[Kermes (dye)|kermes]], made from female ''Kermes'' scales
File:Shellac varities.png|Some varieties of shellac
File:02-Indian-Insect-Life - Harold Maxwell-Lefroy - Kerria-Lacca.jpg|''[[Kerria lacca]]'' and its shellac tubes
</gallery>