Editing Self-incompatibility (section)

===2-locus gametophytic self-incompatibility===
The grass subfamily [[Pooideae]], and perhaps all of the family [[Poaceae]], have a gametophytic self-incompatibility system that involves two unlinked loci referred to as ''S'' and ''Z''.<ref name=Baumann>{{cite journal| vauthors = Baumann U, Juttner J, Bian X, Langridge P |year=2000|title=Self-incompatibility in the Grasses|journal=Annals of Botany|volume=85|issue=Supplement A|pages=203–209|doi=10.1006/anbo.1999.1056|doi-access=free|bibcode=2000AnBot..85..203B }}</ref> If the alleles expressed at these two loci in the pollen grain both match the corresponding alleles in the pistil, the pollen grain will be recognized as incompatible.<ref name=Baumann/> At both loci, ''S'' and ''Z'', two male and one female determinant can be found. All four male determinants encode proteins belonging to the same family (DUF247) and are predicted to be membrane-bound. The two female determinants are predicted to be secreted proteins with no protein family membership.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rohner M, Manzanares C, Yates S, Thorogood D, Copetti D, Lübberstedt T, Asp T, Studer B | display-authors = 6 | title = Fine-Mapping and Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveal the Gene Composition at the S and Z Self-incompatibility Loci in Grasses | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 40 | issue = 1 | date = January 2023 | pmid = 36477354 | pmc = 9825253 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msac259 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lian X, Zhang S, Huang G, Huang L, Zhang J, Hu F | title = Confirmation of a Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility in ''Oryza longistaminata'' | journal = Frontiers in Plant Science | volume = 12 | pages = 576340 | date = 2021 | pmid = 33868321 | pmc = 8044821 | doi = 10.3389/fpls.2021.576340 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shinozuka H, Cogan NO, Smith KF, Spangenberg GC, Forster JW | title = Fine-scale comparative genetic and physical mapping supports map-based cloning strategies for the self-incompatibility loci of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) | journal = Plant Molecular Biology | volume = 72 | issue = 3 | pages = 343–355 | date = February 2010 | pmid = 19943086 | doi = 10.1007/s11103-009-9574-y | s2cid = 25404140 }}</ref>