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September Six
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==Church measures taken== {{more citations needed|section|date=October 2018}} Except for Whitesides, all of the September Six were [[Disciplinary council#Possible outcomes|excommunicated]]. Whitesides was [[Disciplinary council#Possible outcomes|disfellowshipped]], a lesser sanction that does not formally expel one from church membership. To date, three of the September Six have retained or regained church membership: Avraham Gileadi<ref>Fidel, Steve. [https://archive.today/20130121112242/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/476161/SCHOLAR-REBAPTIZED-INTO-LDS-CHURCH.html?pg=all "Scholar Rebaptized Into LDS Church."] ''Salt Lake City and Utah Breaking News.'' ''Deseret News,'' 8 March 1996.</ref> and Maxine Hanks,<ref>Stack, Peggy Fletcher. [http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/lifestyle/54514350-80/church-excommunicated-faith-hanks.html.csp "Excommunicated Mormon to Tell How She Came Back to the Faith."] ''Utah Local News - Salt Lake City News, Sports, Archive.'' ''The Salt Lake Tribune'', 26 July 2012. Web. 09 Nov. 2012.</ref> who were rebaptized, and Lynne Whitesides, who remains a disfellowshipped member.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/story.php?ref=/sltrib/news/58060420-78/mormon-church-lds-excommunicated.html.csp|title=Where Mormonism's 'September Six' are now|last=Tribune|first=Peggy Fletcher Stack The Salt Lake|newspaper=The Salt Lake Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-16}}</ref> While the LDS Church sometimes announces that a prominent member has been excommunicated, the default policy is to refuse to publicly discuss details about the reasons for any excommunication, even if details of the proceedings are made public by that person. Other than the summons sent to each of the six (specifying that their behavior was "contrary to the laws and order of the church"), the church is silent on why a member was disciplined. Such disciplinary proceedings are typically undertaken locally, initiated by leaders at the [[ward (LDS Church)|ward]] or [[stake (Latter Day Saints)|stake]] level, although at least one of the September Six suggested his excommunication was orchestrated by higher-ranking church leaders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/life/faithbased/2012/11/d_michael_quinn_and_mormon_excommunication_the_complicated_life_of_a_mormon.single.html|title=The Case of the Mormon Historian: What happened when Michael Quinn challenged the history of the church he loved|first=David|last=Haglund|publisher=Slate|date=November 1, 2012}}</ref> Procedures pertaining to the organization of these disciplinary councils are found in the church's scriptural ''[[Doctrine and Covenants]]'' [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/102?lang=eng section 102] as well as in its administrative handbook. During the time of the September Six, ''[[Handbook (LDS Church)|Handbook 1]],'' which was only available to ecclesiastical leaders, was in use. In 2020, the church publicly published a revised handbook, ''[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/general-handbook/title-page?lang=eng General Handbook: Serving in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints].'' The 2020 Handbook changes some language and procedures regarding church discipline.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sltrib.com/religion/2020/02/19/lds-church-puts-new/|title=LDS Church publishes new handbook with changes to discipline, transgender policy|website=The Salt Lake Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> The LDS Church later excommunicated [[Janice Merrill Allred]] in 1995 and Margaret Merrill Toscano in 2000, both of whom had collaborated with several of the September Six and were also involved in disciplinary actions during 1993.<ref>Allred, Janice, 1997. "My Struggle for a More Loving, Tolerant, and Egalitarian Church", ''Case Reports of the Mormon Alliance'' 2(4). http://mormon-alliance.org/casereports/volume2/part4/v2p4.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/mormons-toscano/|title=Interview: Margaret Toscano {{!}} American Experience {{!}} PBS|website=www.pbs.org|language=en|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref>
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