Editing Serial passage (section)

== Mathematical modeling ==
Work by Stewart and Levin <ref name="stewart1973partitioning">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart, Frank M, Levin, Bruce R |title=Partitioning of Resources and the Outcome of Interspecific Competition: A Model and Some General Considerations |journal=The American Naturalist |volume=107 |issue=954 |pages=171-198 |date=1973 |pmid=|pmc=10425282 |doi=10.3389/fbioe.2023.1210392 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref> delineated fundamental differences between continuous and serial passage ecosystems and work by Hal Smith explored the applicability of the competitive exclusion principle to serial passage.<ref name="Smith2011Serial">{{cite journal |vauthors= Hal L, Smith | title= Bacterial competition in serial transfer culture |journal=Mathematical Biosciences |volume=229 |issue=2 |pages=149-159 |date=2011 |pmid=21163273|pmc= |doi=10.1016/j.mbs.2010.12.001 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref> Later, Erez and Lopez et al. <ref name="eLife">{{cite journal |vauthors=Erez A, Lopez JG, Weiner BG, Meir Y, Wingreen NS |title=Nutrient levels and trade-offs control diversity in a serial dilution ecosystem |journal=eLife |volume=9 |issue= |pages= |date=September 2020 |pmid=32915132 |pmc=7486120 |doi=10.7554/eLife.57790 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref> predicted that serial passage ecosystems are strongly structured by an [[Early-bird effect]] in which otherwise poor competitors can leverage early advantage to outcompete other organisms. Experimental work has demonstrated the existence of this effect empirically.<ref name="Aranda-Díaz">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aranda-Díaz A, Willis L, Nguyen TH, Ho PY, Vila J, Thomsen T, Chavez T, Yan R, Yu FB, Neff N, Sanchez A, Estrela S, Huang KC |title=Assembly of stool-derived bacterial communities follows "early-bird" resource utilization dynamics |journal=Cell Systems |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=April 2025 |pmid=40157357 |pmc= |doi=10.1016/j.cels.2025.101240 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Kim">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim Y, Flinkstrom Z, Candry P, Winkler MH, Myung J |title=Resource availability governs polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation and diversity of methanotrophic enrichments from wetlands |journal=Front Bioeng Biotechnol |volume=11 |issue= |pages=1210392 |date=2023 |pmid=37588137 |pmc=10425282 |doi=10.3389/fbioe.2023.1210392 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>