Editing Sit-in (section)

====1961 Rock Hill, South Carolina====
The [[Friendship Nine]] was a group of African American men who went to jail after staging a sit-in at a segregated [[McCrory's]] [[lunch counter]] in [[Rock Hill, South Carolina]] in 1961. The group gained nationwide attention because they followed the Nashville student's strategy of not bailing themselves out of jail and called it "Jail, No Bail",<ref>{{cite news |title=Associated Press'Sing-In' Negroes Eat Hearty; Say 'Jail—No Bail' |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Spartanburg Herald |date=February 21, 1961 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=g3ssAAAAIBAJ&pg=7405,2802776&dq=rock+hill+sit-in&hl=en |access-date=December 1, 2010 |quote=Eight Negro Demonstrators is a disciplinary cell at the York County Prison Camp accepted and ate second helpings Monday of the full meal given every third day to prisoners on bread and water. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Scoggins|first=Michael, Rawlinson David|title=Rock Hill, Jail No Bail & The Friendship Nine|url=http://www.friendshipcollege.org/jailnobail.html|publisher=Friendship Jr. College 445 Allen St. Rock Hill, South Carolina|access-date=October 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117063355/http://www.friendshipcollege.org/jailnobail.html|archive-date=November 17, 2011}}"(..) The first man tried was Charles Taylor, the Friendship student from New Jersey. Taylor was tried, found guilty, convicted, and sentenced to $100 fine or 30 days hard labor on the York County Prison Farm. The protesters' attorney, an African-American lawyer from Sumter named Ernest A. Finney, then asked the judge to let Taylor's trial be used as a basis for the other nine and the judge agreed. The other nine were then tried, found guilty, and sentenced to the same punishment. Taylor was concerned about possibly losing his athletic scholarship at Friendship, so with the assistance of the NAACP, he paid his bail and was released. The NAACP offered to pay the bail for the remaining nine protesters but they refused, and on February 2, they began serving out their 30-day sentences on the county prison farm. After beginning their sentence on the county farm, the nine protesters were quickly given the appellation "Friendship Nine" by the press, and the case became famous nationwide. Motorcades of other protesters and supporters converged on the prison, and members of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) came to Rock Hill and demonstrated; they too were arrested, jailed and refused bail. Over the course of the next year further demonstrations and arrests followed in Rock Hill, as well as in other cities throughout the United States. Protesters across the country adopted the "jail no bail" policy implemented by the Nashville students and the Friendship Nine, and served out their jail sentences rather than helping to subsidize a system that supported segregation and inequality. These acts of heroism by the Friendship Nine and others helped to spur even larger protests like the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in August 1963 and the famous march from Selma to Montgomery in March 1965. (..)"</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jail, No Bail' Idea Stymied Cities' Profiting From Civil Rights Protesters|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/social_issues/jan-june11/jail_03-07.html|work=South Carolina ETV's "Carolina Stories."|publisher=The PBS NewsHour|access-date=October 21, 2011}}"The 'Jail, No Bail' strategy became a new tactic in the fight for civil rights. Documentary produced by South Carolina ETV documenting the key moment in civil rights history." (Video and Audio)</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jail, No Bail|url=http://www.scetv.org/index.php/carolina_stories/show/jail_no_bail/|work=Carolina Stories|publisher=South Carolina ETV|access-date=October 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219005915/http://www.scetv.org/index.php/carolina_stories/show/jail_no_bail/|archive-date=December 19, 2011}}"(..) In previous sit-ins across the South, protestors were arrested, processed by the police, fined and then released, creating a dubious revenue stream from which many municipalities easily profited. But when the Friendship students went before the judge, they chose to serve their time behind bars.  For the first time, not only did the city not collect its $100 per person, it actually had to pay to house and feed the men. (..) Word of their action spread like wildfire, receiving national media attention, including the New York Times.  The "Jail, No Bail" strategy became the new tactic that helped galvanize the civil rights protest movement. (..)"</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hartford|first=Bruce|title=Rock Hill SC, "Jail-No-Bail" Sit-ins (Feb-Mar)|url=http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis61.htm|work=The Civil Rights Movement Archive|publisher=Westwind Writers Inc.|access-date=October 21, 2011}}"(..) At the October 1960 SNCC strategy conference in Atlanta, some activists argue for "Jail-No-Bail" tactics. They take a Gandhian position that paying bail or fines indicates acceptance of an immoral system and validates their own arrests. And by serving their sentences, they dramatize the injustice, intensify the struggle, and gain additional media coverage. There is also a practical component to "Jail-No-Bail." The Movement has little money and most southern Blacks are poor. It is hard to scrape up bail money, and sit-in struggles are faltering — not from lack of volunteers to risk arrest — but from lack of money to bail them out. Moreover, paying fines provides the cops with financial resources that are then used to continue suppressing the freedom struggle. By refusing bail, they render meaningless the no-money-for-bail barrier and by serving time they put financial pressure on local authorities who have to pay the costs of incarcerating them.  (..)"</ref> which lessened the huge financial burden [[civil rights]] groups were facing as the sit-in movement spread across the South. They became known as the Friendship Nine because eight of the nine men were students at Rock Hill's [[Friendship Junior College]]. They are sometimes referred to as the Rock Hill Nine.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Friendship Nine / January 31, 1961 |newspaper=Herald Online |date=February 22, 2004 |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/heraldonline/access/550272941.html?dids=550272941:550272941&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+22%2C+2004&author=Brittany+Rawlinson%2C+junior%2C+Northwestern+High+School&pub=Herald+Online&desc=The+Friendship+Nine+%2F+January+31%2C+1961&pqatl=google |access-date=December 1, 2010 |quote=They were students at Friendship College and called themselves the Friendship Nine. The members of this group were James Wells, William "Dub" Massey, Robert McCullough, John Gaines, William "Scoop" Williamson, Willie McLeod, Thomas Gaither, Clarence Graham, Charles Taylor and Mack Workman. }}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>