Editing Skin condition (section)

== Lesions ==
=== Primary lesions ===

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* {{anchor|Macule}}'''Macule''': A macule is a change in surface color, without elevation or depression, so nonpalpable, well or ill-defined,<ref name="FitzAtlas"/> variously sized, but generally considered less than either 5<ref name="FitzAtlas"/> or 10&nbsp;mm in diameter at the widest point.<ref name="Andrews" />
* '''Patch''': A patch is a large macule equal to or greater than either 5 or 10&nbsp;mm across,<ref name="Andrews" /> depending on one's definition of a macule.<ref name="Lookingbill" /> Patches may have some subtle surface change, such as a fine scale or wrinkling, but although the consistency of the surface is changed, the lesion itself is not palpable.<ref name="isbn0-7216-8256-1" />
* '''[[Papule]]''': A papule is a circumscribed, solid elevation of skin, varying in size from less than either 5<ref name="FitzAtlas"/> or 10&nbsp;mm in diameter at the widest point.<ref name="Andrews" />
* '''[[Papule|Plaque]]''': A plaque has been described as a broad papule, or confluence of papules equal to or greater than 10&nbsp;mm,<ref name="Andrews" /> or alternatively as an elevated, plateau-like lesion that is greater in its diameter than in its depth.<ref name="isbn0-7216-8256-1" />
* {{anchor|Nodule}}'''[[Nodule (medicine)|Nodule]]''': A nodule is morphologically similar to a papule in that it is also a palpable spherical lesion less than 10&nbsp;mm in diameter. However, it is differentiated by being centered deeper in the dermis or subcutis.
* '''[[Neoplasm|Tumor]]:''' Similar to a nodule, but it is larger than 10&nbsp;mm in diameter.{{cn|date=June 2021}}
* {{anchor|Vesicle}}'''Vesicle''': A vesicle or [[Bleb (medicine)|''bleb'']] is a small [[blister]],<ref name="Dorlands">{{cite book |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |date=23 December 2020 | edition = 33rd |publisher=Elsevier |url=https://www.dorlandsonline.com/dorland/home | isbn = 978-0-323-66148-5 }}</ref> a circumscribed, epidermal elevation generally considered less than either 5<ref name="FitzAtlas"/> or 10&nbsp;mm in diameter at the widest point.<ref name="Andrews"/>
* {{anchor|Bulla}}'''Bulla''': A bulla is a large [[blister]],<ref name="Dorlands"/> a rounded or irregularly shaped blister equal to or greater than either 5<ref name="FitzAtlas"/> or 10&nbsp;mm,<ref name="Andrews" /> depending on one's definition of a vesicle.<ref name="Lookingbill" />
{{anchor|Pustule}}{{hatnote group|{{Redirect-distinguish|Pustule|Boil}}{{for|the hieroglyph|Pustule (hieroglyph)}} }}
* '''Pustule''': A pustule is a small elevation of the skin usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells.<ref name="Andrews" />
* '''[[Cyst]]''': A cyst is an epithelial-lined cavity.<ref name="FitzAtlas"/>
* {{anchor|Wheal|Weal}}'''Wheal''': A wheal is a rounded or flat-topped, pale red papule or plaque that is characteristically [[evanescent (dermatology)|evanescent]], disappearing within 24 to 48 hours. The temporary raised skin on the site of a properly delivered intradermal (ID) [[injection (medicine)|injection]] is also called a welt, with the ID injection process itself frequently referred to as simply "raising a wheal" in medical texts.<ref name="FitzAtlas"/>
* '''[[Welt (bruise)|Welts]]''': Welts occur as a result of blunt force being applied to the body with elongated objects without sharp edges.
* '''[[Telangiectasia]]''': A telangiectasia represents an enlargement of superficial blood vessels to the point of being visible.<ref name="isbn0-7216-8256-1" />
* '''Burrow''': A burrow appears as a slightly elevated, grayish, tortuous line in the skin, and is caused by burrowing organisms.<ref name="isbn0-7216-8256-1" /><ref name="Andrews" />

=== Secondary lesions ===
* '''Scale''': Dry or greasy laminated masses of [[keratin]],<ref name="Andrews" /> they represent thickened stratum corneum.<ref name="isbn0-7216-8256-1" />
* '''Crust''': Dried [[Sebaceous gland#Sebum|sebum]] usually mixed with epithelial and sometimes bacterial debris<ref name="FitzAtlas"/>
* '''[[Lichenification]]''': Epidermal thickening characterized by visible and palpable thickening of the skin with accentuated skin markings<ref name="Lookingbill" />
* '''Erosion''': An erosion is a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the [[epidermis (skin)|epidermis]],<ref name="isbn0-7216-0187-1">{{cite book|title=Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease | vauthors= Cotran RS, Kumar V, Fausto N, Robbins SL, Abbas AK |publisher=Elsevier Saunders|year=2005|isbn=0-7216-0187-1|location=St. Louis, Mo}}</ref> a lesion that is moist, circumscribed, and usually depressed.<ref name="Fitz" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url= https://basicmedicalkey.com/alterations-in-the-integumentary-system/ |title=Alterations in the Integumentary System| vauthors = Copstead LE, Diestelmeier RE, Diestelmeier MR |date=2016-09-03|website=Basicmedical Key|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-01}}</ref>
* '''Excoriation''': A punctate or linear [[Abrasion (medical)|abrasion]] produced by mechanical means (often scratching), usually involving only the epidermis, but commonly reaching the [[papillary dermis]].<ref name="Andrews" /><ref name=":0" />
* '''[[Ulcer (dermatology)|Ulcer]]''': An ulcer is a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis.<ref name="isbn0-7216-0187-1" /><ref name=":0" />
* '''[[Skin fissure|Fissure]]''' is a lesion in the skin that is usually narrow but deep.<ref name="isbn0-7216-8256-1" /><ref name=":0" />
* {{anchor|Induration}}'''Induration''' is dermal thickening causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer.<ref name="isbn0-7216-8256-1" />
* '''Atrophy''' refers to a loss of skin, and can be epidermal, dermal, or subcutaneous.<ref name="Andrews" /> With epidermal atrophy, the skin appears thin, translucent, and wrinkled.<ref name="isbn0-7216-8256-1" /> Dermal or subcutaneous atrophy is represented by depression of the skin.<ref name="isbn0-7216-8256-1" />
* '''[[Skin maceration|Maceration]]''': softening and turning white of the skin due to being consistently wet.
* {{anchor|Umbilication}}'''Umbilication''' is formation of a depression at the top of a papule, vesicle, or pustule.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Benedetti J | date = December 2021 |title=Description of Skin Lesions|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/approach_to_the_dermatologic_patient/description_of_skin_lesions.html|publisher=The Merck Manual|access-date=3 June 2013}}</ref>
* '''[[wikt:phyma#noun|Phyma]]''': A [[tubercle]] on any external part of the body, such as in [[rosacea#Classification|phymatous rosacea]]

=== Configuration ===
"Configuration" refers to how lesions are locally grouped ("organized"), which contrasts with how they are distributed (see next section).
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* '''Agminate''': in clusters
* '''Annular''' or '''circinate''': ring-shaped
* '''Arciform''' or '''arcuate''': arc-shaped
* '''Digitate''': with finger-like projections
* '''Discoid''' or '''nummular''': round or disc-shaped
* '''Figurate''': with a particular shape
* '''Guttate''': resembling drops
* '''Gyrate''': coiled or spiral-shaped
* '''Herpetiform''': resembling [[herpes]]
* '''Linear'''
* '''Mammillated''': with rounded, breast-like projections
* '''Reticular''' or '''reticulated''': resembling a net
* '''Serpiginous''': with a wavy border
* '''Stellate''': star-shaped
* '''Targetoid''': resembling a [[bullseye (target)|bullseye]]
* '''Verrucous or Verruciform''': wart-like
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=== Distribution ===
"Distribution" refers to how lesions are localized. They may be confined to a single area (a patch) or may be in several places. Some distributions correlate with the means by which a given area becomes affected. For example, contact dermatitis correlates with locations where allergen has elicited an allergic immune response. [[Varicella zoster virus]] is known to recur (after its initial presentation as [[chicken pox]]) as [[herpes zoster]] ("shingles"). Chicken pox appears nearly everywhere on the body, but herpes zoster tends to follow one or two dermatomes; for example, the eruptions may appear along the bra line, on either or both sides of the patient.{{cn|date=June 2021}}

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* '''Generalized'''
* '''Symmetric''': one side mirrors the other
* '''Flexural''': on the front of the fingers
* '''Extensor''': on the back of the fingers
* '''[[Intertriginous]]''': in an area where two skin areas may touch or rub together
* '''[[Morbilliform]]''': resembling [[measles]]
* '''Palmoplantar''': on the palm of the hand or bottom of the foot
* '''Periorificial''': around an orifice such as the mouth
* '''Periungual/subungual''': around or under a fingernail or toenail
* '''Blaschkoid''': following the path of [[Blaschko's lines]] in the skin
* '''Photodistributed''': in places where sunlight reaches
* '''Zosteriform''' or '''dermatomal''': associated with a particular nerve
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===Other related terms===
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* Collarette
* [[Blackhead|Comedo]]
* [[Confluency|Confluent]]
* [[Eczema]] (a type of dermatitis)
* [[Evanescent (dermatology)|Evanescent]] (lasting less than 24 hours)
* [[Granuloma]]
* [[Livedo]]
* [[Purpura]]
* [[Erythema]] (redness)
* Horn (a cell type)
* [[Poikiloderma]]
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