Editing Space Invaders (section)

=== Impact ===
[[Video game developer|Game developers]] including [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] (creator of the franchises ''[[Donkey Kong]]'', ''[[Mario (franchise)|Mario]]'', and ''[[The Legend of Zelda]]''),<ref name="Shigeru">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1645158,00.html|title=10 Questions for Shigeru Miyamoto|author=Sayre, Carolyn|date=July 19, 2007|magazine=Time|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070826025748/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1645158%2C00.html|archive-date=August 26, 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=September 4, 2007}}</ref> [[Hideo Kojima]] (''[[Metal Gear]]''),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/03/the-things-that-made-the-man-who-made-metal-gear/254831/|title=How Hideo Kojima Became a Legendary Video-Game Designer|last=Snyder|first=Daniel D.|date=March 21, 2012|work=[[The Atlantic]]|access-date=March 22, 2012}}</ref> [[Satoshi Tajiri]] (''[[Pokémon]]''),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Petit |first1=Carolyn |title=This 2004 Interview With The Creator Of Pokémon Is Full Of Details I Love |url=https://kotaku.com/this-2004-interview-with-the-creator-of-pokemon-is-full-1847495348 |access-date=November 16, 2021 |work=[[Kotaku]] |date=August 16, 2021 |language=en-us |archive-date=November 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116010111/https://kotaku.com/this-2004-interview-with-the-creator-of-pokemon-is-full-1847495348 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[John Romero]] and [[John Carmack]] (both ''[[Doom (franchise)|Doom]])'' have cited ''Space Invaders'' as their introduction to video games.<ref>[http://www.retrogamer.net/profiles/developer/john-romero/ JOHN ROMERO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022063046/http://www.retrogamer.net/profiles/developer/john-romero/ |date=October 22, 2021 }}, ''[[Retro Gamer]]'', issue 75</ref><ref>[http://www.bethblog.com/2011/01/26/all-the-rage-john-carmack/ All the RAGE: John Carmack] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052321/http://www.bethblog.com/2011/01/26/all-the-rage-john-carmack/ |date=March 20, 2017 }}, [[Bethesda Softworks]]</ref> Miyamoto said ''Space Invaders'' had revolutionized the [[video game industry]].<ref name="Shigeru" /> According to Alexander Smith, by "allowing targets to attack the player and eliminating the timer, Nishikado created a new paradigm in video games."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Alexander |title=They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971-1982 |date=November 19, 2019 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-0-429-75261-2 |page=391 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cxy_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT391}}</ref> It also inspired [[Eugene Jarvis]] (''[[Defender (video game)|Defender]]'', ''[[Robotron: 2084]]'') to become a video game designer, stating it "laid the groundwork for a whole generation" of video games with the "animated characters, the story, this amazing crescendo of action and climax"<ref name="wired1">{{cite magazine |author=Obsessions |url=https://www.wired.com/2013/12/eugene-jarvis-pioneer/ |title=This Game Industry Pioneer Never Gave Up on the Video Arcade |magazine=WIRED |date=December 18, 2013 |access-date=September 15, 2016 |archive-date=January 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130200802/https://www.wired.com/2013/12/eugene-jarvis-pioneer/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and that many games "still rely on the multiple [[Life (video games)|life]], progressively difficult [[Level (video games)|level]] paradigm" of ''Space Invaders''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hague |first1=James |chapter=Eugene Jarvis |title-link=Halcyon Days (book) |title=Halcyon Days: Interviews with Classic Computer and Video Game Programmers |date=1997 |publisher=Dadgum Games |chapter-url=https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020622145031/http://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM |archive-date=June 22, 2002 |access-date=May 18, 2021}}</ref> ''[[Deus Ex]]'' creator [[Warren Spector]] said: "''Space Invaders'' and games like it represent the roots of everything we see today in gaming. It represents the birth of a new art form, one that literally changed the world. ''Space Invaders'' is important as an historical artefact, no less than the silent films of the early twentieth century or early printed books."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-22714047|title=Space Invaders keeps on blasting|last=Betters|first=Elyse|date=May 31, 2013|work=BBC News|access-date=June 8, 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=January 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110085711/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-22714047|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Edge (magazine)|''Edge'']] attributed the shift of games from [[Bar (establishment)|bar]]s and [[amusement arcade]]s to more mainstream locations, such as restaurants and [[department store]]s, to ''Space Invaders''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.next-gen.biz/features/30-defining-moments-gaming|title=The 30 Defining Moments in Gaming|author=Edge Staff|date=August 13, 2007|magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029232528/http://www.next-gen.biz/features/30-defining-moments-gaming|archive-date=October 29, 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=September 18, 2008}}</ref> Its popularity was such that it was the first game where an [[arcade machine]]'s owner could earn back the cost of the machine in under one month, or in some places within one week.<ref name="powerup19" />

''Space Invaders'' helped action games become the dominant [[Video game genre|genre]] in arcades and on consoles.<ref>{{cite book |title=The cyberspace handbook |first=Jason |last=Whittaker |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-16835-X |page=129}}</ref> ''Guinness World Records'' considered ''Space Invaders'' one of the most successful arcade shooting games by 2008.<ref name="GWR08-2" /> In describing it as a "seminal arcade classic", IGN listed it as the number eight "classic shoot 'em up".<ref name="10ShootEmUp">{{cite web|url=http://retro.ign.com/articles/865/865346p1.html|title=Top 10 Classic Shoot 'Em Ups|author=Buchanan, Levi|date=April 8, 2008|website=[[IGN]]|access-date=September 7, 2008|archive-date=September 24, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924201901/http://retro.ign.com/articles/865/865346p1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Space Invaders'' set the template for the shoot 'em up genre.<ref name="1UP-50">{{cite web |title=Essential 50: Space Invaders |website=[[1UP.com]] |url=http://www.1up.com/features/essential-50-space-invaders |access-date=March 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108123019/http://www.1up.com/features/essential-50-space-invaders |archive-date=January 8, 2016}}</ref> Its worldwide success created a demand for a wide variety of [[science fiction]] games, inspiring the development of arcade games, such as [[Atari|Atari's]] ''[[Asteroids (video game)|Asteroids]]'',<ref name="eg_2_36">{{cite magazine|title=Players Guide To Electronic Science Fiction Games |magazine=[[Electronic Games]] |date=March 1982 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=35–45 [36] |url=https://archive.org/stream/electronic-games-magazine-1982-03/Electronic_Games_Issue_02_Vol_01_02_1982_Mar#page/n35/mode/1up |access-date=February 1, 2012}}</ref> [[Williams Electronics]]' ''[[Defender (video game)|Defender]]'', and [[Namco]]'s ''[[Galaxian]]'' and ''[[Galaga]]'', which were modeled after ''Space Invaders''{{'}} gameplay and design.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespy.com/articles/493/493431p1.html |title=Hall of Fame: Galaxian and Galaga |author=Osborne, Scott |publisher=[[GameSpy]] |date=June 1, 2001 |access-date=April 30, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225124740/http://www.gamespy.com/articles/493/493431p1.html |archive-date=December 25, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Retro Gamer]] |title=The Making of Defender |issue=55 |pages=34–39 |date=October 2008}}</ref> This influence could be said to extend to most shooting games released to the present day,<ref name="1UP-10things" /> including [[first-person shooter]]s (FPS) such as ''[[Wolfenstein]]'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Growing Up Postmodern: Neoliberalism and the War on the Young |first=Ronald |last=Strickland |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=2002 |isbn=0-7425-1651-2 |pages=112–113 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oxsj7-aTN9IC&pg=PA112 |access-date=April 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy |first=James Paul |last=Gee |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2004 |isbn=1-4039-6538-2 |page=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BZIY7TGKySsC&pg=PA47 |access-date=April 10, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Doom (series)|Doom]]'',<ref>{{cite book |title=An Introduction to Games Studies: Games in Culture |first=Frans |last=Mäyrä |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4129-3445-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iI0kAQAAIAAJ |access-date=April 10, 2011 |page=104 |quote=The gameplay of ''Doom'' is at its core familiar from the early classics like ''Space Invaders'' ... it presents the player with the clear and simple challenge of surviving while shooting everything that moves.}}</ref> ''[[Halo (series)|Halo]]''<ref>{{cite book |title=The Meaning of Video Games: Gaming and Textual Studies |first=Steven Edward |last=Jones |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-415-96055-7 |pages=84–85 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7ACHel_UxcC&pg=PA84 |access-date=April 10, 2011 |quote=The developers of ''Halo'' are aware of their own place in gaming history, and one of them once joked that their game could be seen as "''Space Invaders'' in a tube." The joke contains a double-edged insight: on the one hand, Halo is first and finally about shooting aliens; on the other hand, even the 1978 2-D arcade shooter, Space Invaders, designed by Tomohiro Nishikado for the company Taito, is more interesting than that would suggest.}}</ref> and ''[[Call of Duty]]''.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=GameSetWatch |date=November 16, 2010 |title=No More Russian – Infinity Ward's ''Modern Warfare 2'', One Year On |author=Simon Carles |url=http://www.gamesetwatch.com/2010/11/no_more_russian_infinity_wards.php |access-date=April 9, 2011 |archive-date=November 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122170415/http://www.gamesetwatch.com/2010/11/no_more_russian_infinity_wards.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Space Invaders'' also influenced other genres, including [[maze games]] such as [[Sega]]/[[Gremlin Industries|Gremlin]]'s ''[[Head On (video game)|Head On]]'' (1979) which adopted the concept of "going round after round" instead of a timer,<ref name="SDR"/> and early computer [[dungeon crawl]] games such as ''[[Dungeons of Daggorath]]'', which used similar [[Heart sounds|heartbeat sounds]] to indicate player [[Health (gaming)|health]].<ref name="Barton-232">{{citation |title=Vintage games: an insider look at the history of Grand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the most influential games of all time |author1=Bill Loguidice |author2=Matt Barton |name-list-style=amp |publisher=[[Focal Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-240-81146-8 |page=232 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_bFdsP9L7oC&pg=PA232 |access-date=May 1, 2011}}</ref>

The [[technology journalist]] Jason Whittaker credited ''Space Invaders'' with ending the [[video game crash of 1977]], caused by ''[[Pong]]'' clones flooding the market, and beginning the [[golden age of video arcade games]] (1978–1980s).<ref>{{cite book|title=The Cyberspace Handbook|last=Whittaker|first=Jason|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2004|isbn=0-415-16835-X|page=122}}</ref> According to ''[[The Observer]]'', home console versions of ''Space Invaders'' were popular and encouraged users to learn to program; many became industry leaders.<ref name="guardian" /> [[1UP.com]] stated that ''Space Invaders'' showed that video games could compete against the major entertainment media at the time: films, music, and television.<ref name="1UP-10things" /> ''[[IGN]]'' attributed the launch of the "arcade phenomenon" in North America in part to ''Space Invaders''.<ref name="10ShootEmUp" /> ''[[Electronic Games]]'' said it was the impetus behind video gaming becoming a rapidly growing hobby, and as "the single most popular coin-operated attraction of all time."<ref>{{cite magazine|date=Winter 1981|title=Atari Offers Largest Game Library|url=http://www.digitpress.com/library/magazines/electronic_games/electronic_games_winter81.pdf|magazine=Electronic Games|volume=1|issue=1|pages=40–41 [41]|access-date=February 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319212242/http://www.digitpress.com/library/magazines/electronic_games/electronic_games_winter81.pdf|archive-date=March 19, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Game Informer]]'' considered it, along with ''[[Pac-Man]]'', one of the most popular arcade games; it tapped into popular culture and generated excitement during the golden age of arcades.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=February 2008|title=Classic GI: King of the Hill|magazine=[[Game Informer]]|publisher=Cathy Preston|issue=178|page=108}}</ref>