Editing Spacelab (section)

==Missions==
[[File:STS-9 patch.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.0|Spacelab 1 mission patch]]
[[File:Sts-90-patch.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.0|STS-90 Neurolab mission patch]]
[[File:Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Illustration.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.0|STS-99 radar Earth observation mission illustration]]
[[File:Payload bay sts-99.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|View of orbiter bay on STS-99 with radar boom deployed, 2000]]
[[File:STS-094 shuttle.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|STS-94 heads into orbit for the Microgravity research mission using Spacelab, 1997.]]

Spacelab components flew on 22 Space Shuttle missions from November 1983 to April 1998.<ref name=StoryShuttle>{{cite book |title=The Story of the Space Shuttle |author=David Michael Harland |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |date=2004 |page=[https://archive.org/details/storyofspaceshut0000harl/page/444 444] |isbn=978-1-85233-793-3 |author-link=David M. Harland |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofspaceshut0000harl/page/444}}</ref> The Spacelab components were decommissioned in 1998, except the Pallets. Science work was moved to the [[International Space Station]] (ISS) and [[Spacehab]] module, a pressurized carrier similar to the Spacelab Module. A Spacelab Pallet was recommissioned in 2000 for flight on [[STS-99]]. The "Spacelab Pallet – Deployable 1 (SLP-D1) with Canadian [[Dextre]] (Purpose Dexterous Manipulator)" was launched on [[STS-123]]. The Spacelab components were used on 41 Shuttle missions in total.

The habitable modules were flown on 16 Space Shuttle missions in the 1980s and 1990s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.space.com/23796-spacelab-space-shuttle-30-years-anniversary.html |title=Spacelab: Space Shuttle Flew Europe's First Space Module 30 Years Ago |publisher=Space.com |access-date=2018-07-15}}</ref> Spacelab Pallet missions were flown 6 times and Spacelab Pallets were flown on other missions 19 times.

{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|-
! Mission name
! [[Space Shuttle orbiter|Orbiter]]
! Launch date
! Spacelab <br>mission name
! Pressurized <br>module
! Unpressurized <br>modules
|-
| [[STS-2]]
| ''Columbia''
| November 12, 1981
| OSTA-1
| 
| 1 Pallet (E002)<ref name=STS2>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-2.html |title=STS-2 |publisher=NASA |access-date=23 November 2010}} {{Source-attribution}}</ref>
|-
| [[STS-3]]
| ''Columbia''
| March 22, 1982
| OSS-1
| 
| 1 Pallet (E003)<ref name=STS3>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-3.html |title=STS-3 |publisher=NASA |access-date=23 November 2010}} {{Source-attribution}}</ref>
|-
| [[STS-9]]
| ''Columbia''
| November 28, 1983
| Spacelab 1
| Module LM1
| 1 Pallet (F001)
|-
| [[STS-41-G]]
| ''Challenger''
| October 5, 1984
| OSTA-3
| 
| 1 Pallet (F006)<ref name=NASA28>{{cite web |url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/msad15mar99_1/ |title=Spacelab joined diverse scientists and disciplines on 28 Shuttle missions |publisher=NASA |date=15 March 1999 |access-date=23 November 2010}} {{Source-attribution}}</ref>
|-
| [[STS-51-A]]
| ''Discovery''
| November 8, 1984
| Retrieval of 2 satellites
| 
| 2 Pallets (F007+F008)
|-
| [[STS-51-B]]
| ''Challenger''
| April 29, 1985
| Spacelab 3
| Module LM1
| [[Multi-Purpose Experiment Support Structure|MPESS]]
|-
| [[STS-51-F]]
| ''Challenger''
| July 29, 1985
| Spacelab 2
| Igloo
| 3 Pallets (F003+F004+F005) + IPS
|-
| [[STS-61-A]]
| ''Challenger''
| October 30, 1985
| Spacelab D1
| Module LM2
| MPESS
|-
| [[STS-35]]
| ''Columbia''
| December 2, 1990
| ASTRO-1
| Igloo
| 2 Pallets (F002+F010) + IPS
|-
| [[STS-40]]
| ''Columbia''
| June 5, 1991
| SLS-1
| Module LM1
| 
|-
| [[STS-42]]
| ''Discovery''
| January 22, 1992
| IML-1
| Module LM2
| 
|-
| [[STS-45]]
| ''Atlantis''
| March 24, 1992
| ATLAS-1
| Igloo
| 2 Pallets (F004+F005)
|-
| [[STS-50]]
| ''Columbia''
| June 25, 1992
| USML-1
| Module LM1
| [[Extended Duration Orbiter|EDO]]
|-
| [[STS-46]]
| ''Atlantis''
| July 31, 1992
| TSS-1
| 
| 1 Pallet (F003)<ref name=ESA-STS46/>
|-
| [[STS-47|STS-47 (J)]]
| ''Endeavour''
| September 12, 1992
| Spacelab-J
| Module LM2
| 
|-
| [[STS-56]]
| ''Discovery''
| April 8, 1993
| ATLAS-2
| Igloo
| 1 Pallet (F008)
|-
| [[STS-55|STS-55 (D2)]]
| ''Columbia''
| April 26, 1993
| Spacelab D2
| Module LM1
| Unique Support Structure (USS)
|-
| [[STS-58]]
| ''Columbia''
| October 18, 1993
| SLS-2
| Module LM2
| EDO
|-
| [[STS-61]]
| ''Endeavour''
| December 2, 1993
| HST SM 01
| 
| 1 Pallet (F009)
|-
| [[STS-59]]
| ''Endeavour''
| April 9, 1994
| SRL-1
| 
| 1 Pallet (F006)
|-
| [[STS-65]]
| ''Columbia''
| July 8, 1994
| IML-2
| Module LM1
| EDO
|-
| [[STS-64]]
| ''Discovery''
| September 9, 1994
| LITE
| 
| 1 Pallet (F007)<ref name=PraxisLog>{{cite book |title=Manned Spaceflight Log 1961–2006 |author=Tim Furniss |author2=David Shayler |author3=Michael Derek Shayler |publisher=Springer Praxis |page=829 |date=2007}}</ref>
|-
| [[STS-68]]
| ''Endeavour''
| September 30, 1994
| SRL-2
| 
| 1 Pallet (F006)
|-
| [[STS-66]]
| ''Atlantis''
| November 3, 1994
| ATLAS-3
| Igloo
| 1 Pallet (F008)
|-
| [[STS-67]]
| ''Endeavour''
| March 2, 1995
| ASTRO-2
| Igloo
| 2 Pallets (F002+F010) + IPS + EDO
|-
| [[STS-71]]
| ''Atlantis''
| June 27, 1995
| Spacelab-Mir
| Module LM2
| 
|-
| [[STS-73]]
| ''Columbia''
| October 20, 1995
| USML-2
| Module LM1
| EDO
|-
| [[STS-75]]
| ''Columbia''
| February 22, 1996
| TSS-1R / USMP-3
| 
| 1 Pallet (F003)<ref name=NASA28/> + 2 MPESS + EDO
|-
| [[STS-78]]
| ''Columbia''
| June 20, 1996
| LMS
| Module LM2
| EDO
|-
| [[STS-82]]
| ''Discovery''
| February 21, 1997
| HST SM 02
| 
| 1 Pallet (F009)<ref name=NASA28/>
|-
| [[STS-83]]
| ''Columbia''
| April 4, 1997
| MSL-1
| Module LM1
| EDO
|-
| [[STS-94]]
| ''Columbia''
| July 1, 1997
| MSL-1R
| Module LM1
| EDO
|-
| [[STS-90]]
| ''Columbia''
| April 17, 1998
| Neurolab
| Module LM2
| EDO
|-
| [[STS-103]]
| ''Discovery''
| December 20, 1999
| HST SM 03A
| 
| 1 Pallet (F009)
|-
| [[STS-99]]
| ''Endeavour''
| February 11, 2000
| SRTM
| 
| 1 Pallet (F006)
|-
| [[STS-92]]
| ''Discovery''
| October 11, 2000
| ISS assembly
| 
| 1 Pallet (F005)
|-
| [[STS-100]]
| ''Endeavour''
| April 19, 2001
| ISS assembly
| 
| 1 Pallet (F004)
|-
| [[STS-104]]
| ''Atlantis''
| July 12, 2001
| ISS assembly
| 
| 2 Pallets (F002+F010)
|-
| [[STS-109]]
| ''Columbia''
| March 1, 2002
| HST SM 03B
| 
| 1 Pallet (F009)
|-
| [[STS-123]]
| ''Endeavour''
| March 11, 2008
| ISS assembly
| 
| 1 Pallet (F004)
|-
| [[STS-125]]
| ''Atlantis''
| May 11, 2009
| HST SM 04
| 
| 1 Pallet (F009)
|}

Mission name acronyms:
* ATLAS: Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science
* ASTRO: Not an acronym; abbreviation for "astronomy"
* IML: International Microgravity Laboratory
* LITE: Lidar In-space Technology Experiment
* LMS: Life and Microgravity Sciences
* MSL: Materials Science Laboratory
* SLS: Spacelab Life Sciences
* SRL: Space Radar Laboratory
* TSS: Tethered Satellite System
* USML: U.S. Microgravity Laboratory
* USMP: U.S. Microgravity Payload

Besides contributing to ESA missions, [[Germany]] and [[Japan]] each funded their own Space Shuttle and Spacelab missions. Although superficially similar to other flights, they were actually the first and only non-U.S. and non-European human space missions with complete German and Japanese control.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}}

[[File:STS-61-a-patch.png|thumb|upright=1.0|right|The ''Deutschland-1'' orbital space plane flight, funded by [[West Germany]], included over seven [[short ton|tons]] of German science research equipment.]]

The first West German mission ''Deutschland 1'' (Spacelab-D1, DLR-1, NASA designation [[STS-61-A]]) took place in 1985. A second similar mission, ''Deutschland 2'' (Spacelab-D2, DLR-2, NASA designation [[STS-55]]), was first planned for 1988, but due to the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]], was delayed until 1993. It became the first German human space mission after [[German reunification]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.org/spp/guide/germany/piloted/index.html |title=Germany and Piloted Space Missions |publisher=Fas.org |access-date=2012-04-17}}</ref>

The only Japan mission, [[STS-47|Spacelab-J]] (NASA designation [[STS-47]]), took place in 1992.

===Other missions===
* [[STS-92]], October 2000, [[Pressurized Mating Adapter|PMA]]-3, ({{OV|103|full=no}})
* [[STS-108]], December 2001, Lightweight Mission Peculiar Support Structure Carrier (LMC) ({{OV|105|full=no}})
* [[STS-123]], March 2008, Pallet ({{OV|105|full=no}}), [[Dextre]]

===Cancelled missions===
Spacelab-4, Spacelab-5, and other planned Spacelab missions were cancelled due to the late development of the Shuttle and the ''Challenger'' disaster.

===Gallery===
<gallery>
Sunrise over Spacelab.jpg|Spacelab in payload bay during [[STS-90]]
STS-9 Spacelab 1.jpg|Shuttle ''Columbia'' during [[STS-9]] with Spacelab Module LM1 and tunnel in its cargo bay
Spacelab-in-shuttle.jpg|Illustrated cutaway of orbiter and lab
</gallery>