Editing Spatial disorientation (section)

== Examples ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"
|+Selected list of aviation accidents attributed to spatial disorientation
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! Date !! Location !! style="width:15%;" | Accident/Flight !! class="unsortable" | Notes & Refs.
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| {{dts|1959|02|03|abbr=on}} || [[Clear Lake, Iowa]], USA || [[The Day the Music Died]]
|style="text-align:left;" | Crash of [[Beechcraft Bonanza]] that killed [[Buddy Holly]], [[Ritchie Valens]], and [[The Big Bopper|"The Big Bopper" J. P. Richardson]]; pilot was not qualified for instrumented flight but took off into deteriorating weather because the passengers were important. Forensic evidence showed the aircraft was in a steep right bank (90°), nose-down attitude at {{convert|3000|ft/min|abbr=on}} when it crashed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2009/february/01/safety-pilot-landmark-accidents-the-day-the-music-died |title=Safety Pilot Landmark Accidents: The Day the Music Died |author=Landsberg, Bruce |author-link=Bruce Landsberg |date=February 1, 2009 |publisher=Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association |access-date=11 February 2021}}</ref>
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| {{dts|1963|03|05|abbr=on}} || [[Camden, Tennessee]], USA || [[1963 Camden PA-24 crash]]
|style="text-align:left;" | Four deaths, including singer [[Patsy Cline]].
|-
| {{dts|1964|07|31|abbr=on}} || Brentwood, [[Nashville, Tennessee]], USA || 1964 Beechcraft Debonair crash
|style="text-align:left;" | It is believed{{according to|date=June 2020}} that singer [[Jim Reeves]] was suffering from spatial disorientation when his Beechcraft aircraft crashed in the Brentwood area of Nashville, Tennessee, during a violent thunderstorm on July 31, 1964, claiming the lives of both Reeves and his pianist Dean Manuel.
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| {{dts|1978|01|01|abbr=on}} || [[Arabian Sea]], near [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Santacruz Airport]], [[Bombay]], India || [[Air India Flight 855]]
|style="text-align:left;" |
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| {{dts|1978|10|21|abbr=on}} || [[Bass Strait]], Australia || [[Disappearance of Frederick Valentich]]
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| {{dts|1992|06|06|abbr=on}} || [[Darién Gap]], near [[Tucutí]], Panama || [[Copa Airlines Flight 201]]
|style="text-align:left;" |
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| {{dts|1999|07|16|abbr=on}} || [[Atlantic Ocean]], off the west coast of [[Martha's Vineyard]], Massachusetts, USA || [[John F. Kennedy Jr. plane crash]]
|style="text-align:left;" | Crash occurred during a [[night]] flight over water near [[Martha's Vineyard]]. Subsequent investigation pointed to spatial disorientation as a probable cause of the accident.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/about/employment/_layouts/ntsb.aviation/brief2.aspx?ev_id=20001212X19354&ntsbno=NYC99MA178&akey=1 |title=NTSB Identification: NYC99MA178 |date= |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |access-date=11 February 2021}}</ref> Because of pilot [[John F. Kennedy Jr.]]'s fame, the cause of the crash led to extensive reporting of spatial disorientation in the press in 1999.<ref name="auto"/>
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| {{dts|2000|01|10|abbr=on}} || [[Niederhasli]], Switzerland || [[Crossair Flight 498]]
|style="text-align:left;" |
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| {{dts|2000|08|23|abbr=on}} || [[Persian Gulf]], near [[Bahrain International Airport]], Bahrain || [[Gulf Air Flight 072]]
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| {{dts|2000|10|16|abbr=on}} || [[Hillsboro, Missouri]], USA || 2000 Cessna 335 crash
|style="text-align:left;" | Left-side attitude indicator failed and pilot kept turning his head to cross-check the right-side (co-pilot position) attitude indicator, leading to spatial disorientation;<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAB0202.pdf |title=Aircraft Accident Brief AAB-02/02, Accident Number CHI01MA011 |date=2002 |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |access-date=28 February 2021}}</ref> the crash killed Missouri Governor [[Mel Carnahan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2002/june/06/spatial-disorientation-doomed-carnahan-flight |title=Spatial disorientation doomed Carnahan flight |date=June 6, 2002 |publisher=Aircraft Owners & Pilots Association |access-date=28 February 2021}}</ref>
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| {{dts|2004|01|03|abbr=on}} || [[Red Sea]], near [[Sharm El Sheikh International Airport]], Egypt || [[Flash Airlines Flight 604]]
|style="text-align:left;" | Disputed cause: possible pilot error (from spatial disorientation) or mechanical/software malfunctions
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| {{dts|2005|03|15|abbr=on}} || near Campbeltown, Argyll, Scotland || [[2005 Loganair Islander accident]]
|style="text-align:left;" |
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| {{dts|2007|01|01|abbr=on}} || [[Makassar Strait]] off [[Majene]], [[Sulawesi]], Indonesia || [[Adam Air Flight 574]]
|style="text-align:left;" |Due to the crew's focus on troubleshooting a problem with the [[Inertial navigation system|INS]], they had disconnected the autopilot without noticing and did not realize that they were in a descent until recovery was improbable. The [[G-force|G forces]] on the aircraft were stressing the hull of the aircraft and further disoriented the crew until the aircraft broke up in mid-air.
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| {{dts|2007|05|05|abbr=on}} || [[Douala International Airport]], Cameroon || [[Kenya Airways Flight 507]]
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| {{dts|2007|11|30|abbr=on}} || Türbetepe, [[Keçiborlu]], [[Isparta Province]], Turkey || [[Atlasjet Flight 4203]]
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| {{dts|2008|09|14|abbr=on}} || [[Perm, Russia]] || [[Aeroflot Flight 821]]
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| {{dts|2009|06|01|abbr=on}} || over [[Atlantic Ocean]], near waypoint TASIL || [[Air France Flight 447]]
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| {{dts|2010|05|12|abbr=on}} || [[Tripoli International Airport]], Libya || [[Afriqiyah Airways Flight 771]]
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| {{dts|2010|08|24|abbr=on}} || near [[Shikharpur, Narayani|Shikharpur]], Nepal || [[Agni Air Flight 101]]
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| {{dts|2012|10|01|abbr=on}} || Upper Kandanga, [[Queensland]], Australia || [[2012 Queensland DH.84 Dragon crash]]
|style="text-align:left;" | Vintage aircraft named ''Riama''
|-
|Mar 19, 2016
|[[Rostov-on-Don]], Russia
|[[Flydubai Flight 981]]
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| {{dts|2018|05|12|abbr=on}} || near [[Centennial Airport]], Colorado, USA || Cirrus SR22 crash
|style="text-align:left;" | Federal investigators determined that pilot disorientation in difficult weather conditions likely was the cause of a fatal small plane crash.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://coloradosun.com/2019/11/12/robert-marquis-plane-crash-centennial-airport-colorado/|title = Pilot disorientation caused deadly crash near Centennial Airport that left engine lodged in home, NTSB rules|date = 31 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sentinelcolorado.com/metro/pilot-disorientation-blamed-in-fatal-crash-near-denver/|title = Pilot disorientation blamed in fatal crash after leaving Centennial Airport|date = 31 May 2023}}</ref>
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| {{dts|2019|02|23|abbr=on}} || [[Trinity Bay (Texas)|Trinity Bay]], [[Texas]], USA || [[Atlas Air Flight 3591]]
|style="text-align:left;" | The crash of the [[Boeing 767]] cargo jet was caused by the inappropriate response by the first officer as the pilot flying to an inadvertent activation of the plane's go-around mode at a high altitude (6,200 feet), which led to his spatial disorientation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aircargonews.net/airlines/freighter-operator/ntsb-releases-atlas-air-freighter-crash-findings/|title = NTSB releases Atlas Air freighter crash findings|date = 15 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/pages/DCA19MA086.aspx|title=DCA19MA086.aspx}}</ref>
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| {{dts|2019|04|09|abbr=on}} || near [[Aomori Prefecture]], Japan || 2019 JASDF F-35 crash
|style="text-align:left;" | First crash of an [[F-35]]A;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/06/07/national/remains-japan-asdf-pilot-found-two-months-f-35a-fighter-crash-off-aomori/ |title=Remains of Japan ASDF pilot found, two months after F-35A fighter crash off Aomori |date=June 7, 2019 |work=The Japan Times |access-date=11 February 2021}}</ref> pilot descended rapidly during a simultaneous left-hand turn.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2019/06/10/japan-blames-spatial-disorientation-for-f-35-crash/ |title=Japan blames spatial disorientation for F-35 crash |author=Yeo, Mike |date=June 10, 2019 |work=Defense News |access-date=11 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48578178 |title=Japan pilot crashed after 'spatial disorientation' |work=BBC News |date=2019-06-10 |access-date=2019-06-10|language=en-GB}}</ref>
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| {{dts|2020|01|26|abbr=on}} || [[Calabasas, California]], USA || [[2020 Calabasas helicopter crash]]
|style="text-align:left;" | Ara Zobayan, the helicopter pilot in the [[2020 Calabasas helicopter crash|fatal accident]] that killed [[Kobe Bryant]] along with his daughter [[Gianna Bryant|Gianna]] and six others on January 26, 2020, was determined to have likely experienced spatial disorientation according to NTSB investigation.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.nba.com/news/investigators-report-bryants-pilot-got-disoriented-in-clouds |title=Investigators report Kobe Bryant's pilot got disoriented in clouds|date=2021-02-09|access-date=2021-02-10}}</ref>
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