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Specular reflection
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== Examples == [[File:Eiffel Tower under cloudy sky.jpg|thumb|Esplanade of the Trocadero in Paris after rain. The layer of water exhibits specular reflection, reflecting an image of the Eiffel Tower and other objects.]] A classic example of specular reflection is a [[mirror]], which is specifically designed for specular reflection. In addition to [[visible light]], specular reflection can be observed in the [[ionospheric reflection]] of [[radiowave]]s and the reflection of radio- or [[microwave]] [[radar]] signals by flying objects. The measurement technique of [[x-ray reflectivity]] exploits specular reflectivity to study thin films and interfaces with sub-nanometer resolution, using either modern laboratory sources or [[synchrotron]] x-rays. Non-electromagnetic waves can also exhibit specular reflection, as in [[acoustic mirror]]s which reflect sound, and [[Atomic mirror (physics)|atomic mirrors]], which reflect neutral [[atom]]s. For the efficient reflection of atoms from a [[Solid-state physics|solid-state]] mirror, very cold atoms and/or [[angle of incidence (optics)|grazing incidence]] are used in order to provide significant [[quantum reflection]]; [[ridged mirror]]s are used to enhance the specular reflection of atoms. [[Neutron reflectometry]] uses specular reflection to study material surfaces and [[thin film]] interfaces in an analogous fashion to x-ray reflectivity.
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