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Spin–statistics theorem
(section)
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== Quasiparticle anyons in 2 dimensions== {{main|Anyon}} In 1982, physicist [[Frank Wilczek]] published a research paper on the possibilities of possible fractional-spin particles, which he termed [[anyon]]s from their ability to take on "any" spin.<ref name="WilczekAnyons">{{cite journal | title = Quantum Mechanics of Fractional-Spin Particles | journal = Physical Review Letters | volume = 49 | issue = 14 | pages = 957–959 | last = Wilczek | first = Frank | author-link = Frank Wilczek | date = 4 October 1982 | url = http://www.ifi.unicamp.br/~mtamash/f689_mecquant_i/prl49_957.pdf | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.957 | bibcode=1982PhRvL..49..957W}}</ref> He wrote that they were theoretically predicted to arise in low-dimensional systems where motion is restricted to fewer than three spatial dimensions. Wilczek described their spin statistics as "interpolating continuously between the usual boson and fermion cases".<ref name="WilczekAnyons"/> The effect has become the basis for understanding the [[fractional quantum Hall effect]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laughlin |first=R. B. |date=1999-07-01 |title=Nobel Lecture: Fractional quantization |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.71.863 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |language=en |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=863–874 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.71.863 |issn=0034-6861}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Murthy |first1=Ganpathy |last2=Shankar |first2=R. |date=2003-10-03 |title=Hamiltonian theories of the fractional quantum Hall effect |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.75.1101 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |language=en |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=1101–1158 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.75.1101 |issn=0034-6861|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
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