Editing TATA box (section)

=== Sequence and prevalence ===
[[File:TATA_box_mechanism.png|thumb|415x415px|'''Figure 2.''' Mechanism for transcription initiation at the TATA box. Transcription factors, TATA binding protein (TBP), and RNA polymerase II are all recruited to begin transcription.]]
The TATA box is a component of the eukaryotic [[Promoter (genetics)|core promoter]] and generally contains the [[consensus sequence]] 5'-TATA(A/T)A(A/T)-3'.<ref name=":4">{{cite book|title=Molecular biology of the gene|others=Watson, James D., 1928-|isbn=9780321762436|edition=Seventh|location=Boston|oclc=824087979|last1 = Watson|first1 = James D.|year=2014}}</ref> In yeast, for example, one study found that various ''[[Saccharomyces]]'' genomes had the consensus sequence 5'-TATA(A/T)A(A/T)(A/G)-3', yet only about 20% of yeast genes even contained the TATA sequence.<ref name=":3">{{cite journal | vauthors = Basehoar AD, Zanton SJ, Pugh BF | title = Identification and distinct regulation of yeast TATA box-containing genes | journal = Cell | volume = 116 | issue = 5 | pages = 699–709 | date = March 2004 | pmid = 15006352 | doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00205-3| doi-access = free }}</ref> Similarly, in humans only 24% of genes have [[Promoter (genetics)|promoter]] regions containing the TATA box.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang C, Bolotin E, Jiang T, Sladek FM, Martinez E | title = Prevalence of the initiator over the TATA box in human and yeast genes and identification of DNA motifs enriched in human TATA-less core promoters | journal = Gene | volume = 389 | issue = 1 | pages = 52–65 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17123746 | pmc = 1955227 | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2006.09.029 }}</ref> Genes containing the TATA-box tend to be involved in [[Cellular stress response|stress-responses]] and certain types of [[metabolism]] and are more highly regulated when compared to TATA-less genes.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bae SH, Han HW, Moon J | title = Functional analysis of the molecular interactions of TATA box-containing genes and essential genes | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = e0120848 | date = 2015 | pmid = 25789484 | pmc = 4366266 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0120848 | bibcode = 2015PLoSO..1020848B | doi-access = free }}</ref> Generally, TATA-containing genes are not involved in essential cellular functions such as [[cell growth]], [[DNA replication]], [[Transcription (biology)|transcription]], and [[Translation (biology)|translation]] because of their highly regulated nature.<ref name=":7" />

The TATA box is usually located 25-35 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. Genes containing the TATA box usually require additional promoter elements, including an [[Initiator element|initiator]] site located just [[Upstream and downstream (DNA)|upstream]] of the transcription start site and a [[Downstream promoter element|downstream core element]] (DCE).<ref name=":4" /> These additional promoter regions work in conjunction with the TATA box to regulate initiation of transcription in eukaryotes.