Editing Tahmasp I (section)

=== Royal refugees ===
[[File:Tahmasp,_Humayun_Meeting.jpg|alt=Tahmasp and Humayun at a spring New Year festival, surrounded by other people|thumb|upright=1.2|Tahmasp and Humayun at a Nowruz festival ([[Chehel Sotoun]], [[Isfahan]])]]
One of the most celebrated events of Tahmasp's reign was the visit of [[Humayun]] ({{Reign|1530|1540}}), the eldest son of [[Babur]] ({{Reign|1526|1530}}) and emperor of the [[Mughal Empire]], who faced rebellions by his brothers.{{Sfn|Savory|2007|p=66}} Humayun fled to Herat, travelled through [[Mashhad]], [[Nishapur]], [[Sabzevar]], and [[Qazvin]], and met Tahmasp at [[Soltaniyeh]] in 1544.{{Sfn|Thackston|2004}} Tahmasp honoured Homayun as a guest and gave him an illustrated version of [[Saadi Shirazi|Saadi]]'s ''[[Gulistan (book)|Gulistan]]'' dating back to the reign of [[Abu Sa'id Mirza]] ({{Reign|1451|1469|1459|1469}}), Humayun's great-grandfather;{{Sfn|Eraly|2000|p=104}}{{Sfn|Soudavar|2017|p=49}} however, he refused to give him political assistance unless he converted to Shia Islam. Humayun reluctantly agreed, but reverted to Sunni Islam when he returned to India; however he did not force the Iranian Shias, who came with him to India, to convert.{{Sfn|Savory|2007|p=66}} Tahmasp also demanded a ''[[quid pro quo]]'' in which the city of [[Kandahar]] would be given to his infant son, Morad Mirza.{{Sfn|Thackston|2004}}{{Sfn|Savory|2007|p=66–67}} Humayun spent [[Nowruz]] in the Shah's court and left in 1545 with an army provided by Tahmasp to regain his lost lands; his first conquest was Kandahar, which he ceded to the young Safavid prince.<ref>{{harvnb|Thackston|2004}}; {{harvnb|Streusand|2019|pages=148}}.</ref> Morad Mirza soon died, however, and the city became a bone of contention between the two empires: the Safavids claimed that it had been given to them in [[perpetuity]], while the Mughals maintained that it had been an [[appanage]] that expired with the death of the prince.{{Sfn|Thackston|2004}} Tahmasp began the first Safavid expedition to Kandahar in 1558, after the death of Humayun, and reconquered the city.{{Sfn|Streusand|2019|p=148}}

Another notable visitor to Tahmasp's court was [[Şehzade Bayezid]], the fugitive Ottoman prince who rebelled against his father, Suleiman the Magnificent, and went to the Shah in the autumn 1559 with an army of 10,000 to persuade him to begin a war against the Ottomans.{{Sfn|Savory|2007|p=67}} Although he honoured Bayezid, Tahmasp did not want to disturb the Peace of Amasya.{{Sfn|Faroqhi|Fleet|2013|p=446}}{{Sfn|Mitchell|2009a|p=126}} Suspecting that Bayezid was planning a coup, he had him arrested and returned to the Ottomans; Bayezid and his children were immediately executed.{{Sfn|Savory|2007|p=67}}