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===Pests=== The tef shoot fly (''[[Atherigona hyalinipennis]]'') is a major pest of the crop.<ref>Ruparao T. Gahukar, Gadi V. P. Reddy. Management of Economically Important Insect Pests of Millet. ''Journal of Integrated Pest Management'' (2019) 10(1): 28; 1β10 https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmz026</ref><ref>Mideksa, A., M. Negeri, and T. Shiberu. 2014. Management of tef shoot fly, ''Atherigona hyalinipennis'' (Reg.) (Diptera: Muscidae) on tef at Ambo, West Showa of Ethiopia. ''J. Entomol. Nematol.'' 6: 134β139.</ref><ref>Nigus, C., and T. Damte. 2018. Identification of the tef shoot fly species from tef, ''Eragrostis tef'' (Zucc.), Trotter growing areas of Ethiopia. ''Afr. J. Insects'' 5: 181β184.</ref> Other insect pests include:<ref name="Kalaisekar">{{cite book|last=Kalaisekar|first=A|title=Insect pests of millets: systematics, bionomics, and management|publisher=Elsevier|publication-place=London|year=2017|isbn=978-0-12-804243-4|oclc=967265246}}</ref> *central shoot fly ''[[Delia arambourgi]]'' (seedling feeder) *Wello-bush cricket ''[[Decticoides brevipennis]]'' (flower feeder) *red tef worm ''[[Mentaxya ignicollis]]'' *tef epilachna beetle ''[[Chnootriba similis]]'' (leaf feeder); also transmits [[rice yellow mottle virus]] in rice *chrysomelid black beetle ''[[Erlangerius niger]]'' (adults feed on developing grains and leaves) *stem-boring wasp ''[[Eurytomocharis eragrostidis]]'' in the United States
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