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Transall C-160
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==Variants== [[File:A2357-France-Transall-R213-RIAT2013.JPG|thumb|A French Air and Space Force Transall C-160R, 2013]] ;Prototypes :Three prototypes were built, one by each production company.<ref name="airbritain" /> * V1 was built by Nord Aviation at Bourges, France and first flew on 25 February 1963.<ref name="airbritain" /> * V2 was built by VFW at Lemwerder, Germany and first flew on 25 May 1963<ref name="airbritain" /> * V3 was built by HFB at Hamburg-Finkenwerder and first flew on 19 February 1964.<ref name="airbritain" /> ;Pre-production ;C-160A :Six pre-production aircraft were built for Franco-German trials.<ref name="airbritain" /><ref name="The Observer 1968">The Observer's Book of Basic Aircraft, William Green, 1968.</ref> ;Proposed versions ;C-160C :Proposed commercial derivative, including a stretched 150-passenger version.<ref name="The Observer 1968"/> ===First-generation production=== [[File:turkish air force transall c-160d landing arp.jpg|thumb|right|[[Turkish Air Force]] Transall C-160D lands at [[RIAT]] 2008. This is the support aircraft for the [[Turkish Stars]] aerobatic team.]] The initial production run of 169 aircraft were built by the three companies in France and Germany; Nord built 56 aircraft, VFW built 57 aircraft and HFB/MBB 56 (HFB became part of Messerchmitt-Bolkow-Blohm in 1969 during the production run).<ref name="airbritain" /> All three production lines produced a mixture of aircraft for France and Germany but the South African aircraft were all built by Nord.<ref name="airbritain" /> ;C-160D :Production aircraft for the West German Air Force; 110 were built.<ref name="airbritain" /> Twenty of these aircraft were delivered to Turkish Air Force in 1971 as C-160T. A few of the remaining German C-160 were fitted with the self-protection suite called ''ESS''. ;C-160F :Production aircraft for the French Air and Space Force; 50 were built.<ref name="airbritain" /> ;C-160P :Conversion of four C-160Fs for use by the French Postal Service.<ref name="airbritain" /> ;C-160Z :Production aircraft for the South African Air Force; nine were built.<ref name="airbritain" /> {{clear}} ===Second-generation production=== From 1981 on, some new C-160 versions reached the wings of Armee de l'Air. The now C-160NG (Nouvelle Generation, New Generation) called aircraft has a fifth fuel tank in the middle of the wing above the fuselage, a refueling probe while the left side cargo door was removed. Some first-production series C-160F were fitted with the NG-versions changes and renamed C-160R (Renové). Beside these changes, in 1989, the French Air Force introduced the ''C-160G Gabriel'' variant, a [[SIGINT]] aircraft easily to distinguish because of the antennas fitted to the aircraft. Until the early 2000s, also the ''C-160H Astarte'' was used, while Astarté (Avion Station Relais de Transmissions Exceptionelles), meaning "airborne relay station for special transmissions", was used for communication with submerged French nuclear submarines.
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