Editing Transit-oriented development (section)

====Canada====
All major Canadian cities have transit oriented development policies and implementations. The main purposes of these policies has been to kerb suburban sprawl, and to increase housing supply amidst a housing crisis. In addition, it comes in response to a shifting population demographic that prefers high density living.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transit Oriented Communities |url=https://www.metrolinx.com/en/about-us/doing-business-with-metrolinx/development-opportunities/transit-oriented-communities |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=www.metrolinx.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

Some cities, such as Toronto, Ottawa, and especially Vancouver, have a long history of building new communities near transit, and they often plan development and rapid transit simultaneously.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Why Ottawa built an LRT station in the middle of nowhere |work=ottawacitizen |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/bowesville-ottawas-lrt-station-to-nowhere}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada's Most Important Transit Oriented Development {{!}} UrbanToronto |url=https://urbantoronto.ca/news/2024/05/canadas-most-important-transit-oriented-development.56024 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=urbantoronto.ca}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name="BC Business" /> Others, such as Calgary and Montréal, have only implemented TOD policies recently, and there is some debate as to whether it is better to build new transit to existing high density neighbourhoods, or build high density neighbourhoods near existing transit.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cournoyer-Gendron |first1=Maude |title=The Transit-Oriented Development Model in Montreal (Canada): Mobilizing a Concept and Negotiating Urban Development at the Local and Metropolitan Scale |journal=Environnement Urbain |date=2017 |volume=12 |doi=10.7202/1050578ar }}</ref>{{multiple image
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 | image1    = Marine Drive Stn.jpg
 | caption1  = [[Marine Drive station]] in Vancouver on opening day (2009)
 | image2    = Marine Drive station, January 2018.jpg
 | caption2  = High-rises have since been built around the station (2018).
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=====Calgary, Alberta=====
Calgary's Transit Oriented Development (TOD) has been evolving largely around stations along Calgary's Light Rail Transit (LRT) system, also known as the [[CTrain]] network. Although Calgary's CTrain system has been around since 1981, TOD activity has been fairly recent, with much of development taking place since 2010. Most of the transit oriented development has taken place along the LRT system's [[Red Line (CTrain)|Red Line]] especially around stations of the northwest leg with areas around stations at Brentwood, Dalhousie, and Banff Trail having seen the most development. [[Brentwood station (Calgary)|Brentwood Station]] for example, with multi-building developments such as University City, has seen almost 900 residential units<ref>{{cite web|url=https://calgary.skyrisecities.com/database/projects/university-city |title=University City |publisher=Calgary.skyrisecities.com |access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://calgary.skyrisecities.com/database/projects/brio |title=Brio |publisher=Calgary.skyrisecities.com |access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref> built in the last eight years within the 600m radius of Brentwood station, as well as proposed developments that are in the works. On the south leg of the Red Line the massive Midtown Station proposal is a reversal from previous TOD builds where development is built around existing stations. In the case of Midtown Station,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://calgary.skyrisecities.com/forum/threads/midtown-station-multiple-buildings-ibi-group-midtown-station.31616/ |title=Midtown Station |date=September 28, 2020 |publisher=Calgary.skyrisecities.com |access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref> the proposal is along the CTrain line, but includes building a new station solely for the purpose of serving the development.

For The City of Calgary, TOD's are an ongoing process, but the city has published policy guidelines and implementation strategies for Transit Oriented Development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.calgary.ca/content/dam/www/pda/pd/documents/transit-oriented-development/tod-implentation-strategy.pdf |title=Transit Oriented Development Implementation Strategy |publisher=City of Calgary |access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.calgary.ca/content/dam/www/pda/pd/documents/transit-oriented-development/tod-policy-guidelines.pdf |title=Transit Oriented Development Policy Guidelines |publisher=City of Calgary |access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref>

=====Edmonton, Alberta=====
Most of the suburban high rises were not along major rail lines like other cities until recently, when there has been incentive to do so. [[Century Park, Edmonton|Century Park]] is a growing condo community in southern Edmonton at the south end of the [[Edmonton LRT]] system. It will include low to high rise condos, recreational services, shops, restaurants, and a fitness centre. Edmonton has also had a transit-proximate development for some time in the northeastern suburbs at [[Clareview station|Clareview]] which includes a large park and ride, and low rise apartments among big box stores and associated power center parking. Edmonton is also looking into some new TODs in various parts of the city. In the northeast, there are plans to redevelop underutilized land at two sites around existing LRT, Fort Road and [[Stadium station (Edmonton)|Stadium station]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/planning_development/old-town-fort-road-redevelopment.aspx |title=Old Town Fort Road Redevelopment |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=October 21, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922103220/http://edmonton.ca/city_government/planning_development/old-town-fort-road-redevelopment.aspx |archive-date=September 22, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/planning_development/stadium-station-transit-oriented-development.aspx |title=Stadium Station Transit Oriented Development |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=October 21, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122075058/http://edmonton.ca/city_government/planning_development/stadium-station-transit-oriented-development.aspx |archive-date=November 22, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In the west, there is plans to have some medium density condos in the [[Glenora, Edmonton|Glenora neighborhood]] along a future LRT route as well as a TOD in the southeast in the [[Strathearn, Edmonton|Strathearn neighborhood]] along the same future LRT on existing low rise apartments.

===== Kitchener-Waterloo =====
The [[Ion rapid transit|Ion light rail]] line in [[Regional Municipality of Waterloo|Kitchener-Waterloo]] initiated large amounts of new construction along the corridor, despite the city region being the smallest in North America to host a tramway. The first stage of the line created 19 000 new housing units along its length, as well as large scale industrial and commercial developments, valued at $5 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In five years, ION light rail transformed Waterloo Region – Around the Region |url=https://aroundtheregion.ca/in-five-years-ion-light-rail-transformed-waterloo-region/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=aroundtheregion.ca}}</ref>

=====Montreal, Quebec=====
[[File:Solar Uniquartier.jpg|thumb|Transit oriented developed next to [[Du Quartier]] station]]
According to the Metropolitan Development and Planning Regulation<ref>[http://www.voirvert.ca/nouvelles/actualites/un-premier-plan-d%E2%80%99amenagement-durable-pour-le-grand-montreal Un premier plan d’aménagement durable pour le Grand Montréal {{!}} Voir vert - Le portail du bâtiment durable au Québec]. Voirvert.ca. Retrieved on December 6, 2013.</ref> as of late 2011, 40% of new households will be built as TOD neighborhoods.

=====Ottawa, Ontario=====
Ottawa encourages high density development within 600m of all rapid transit stations, including both the bus rapid transit [[Transitway (Ottawa)|Transitway]] and the city's [[O-Train|urban rail]] system, with the goal of creating feature complete mixed use communities within walking distance to transit. The city simultaneously discourages auto oriented development, such as parking lots, in the same areas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Planning |first=Development and Building Department |date=2023-09-18 |title=Development Guidelines |url=https://ottawa.ca/en/planning-development-and-construction/community-design/design-and-planning-guidelines/completed-guidelines/transit-oriented-development-guidelines/development-guidelines#section-530c0a44-ebba-467d-851d-b4826f5273e3 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=ottawa.ca |language=en}}</ref>

This has had the effect of creating many tower clusters far outside the city centre, with stations like [[Lincoln Fields station|Lincoln Fields]] and [[Lycée Claudel station|Lycée Claudel]] having entire neighbourhoods appear around them.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-06-10 |title=Autowa no more? Transit-oriented developments key in switching Ottawa away from car city · OttawaStart.com |url=https://ottawastart.com/autowa-no-more-transit-oriented-developments-key-in-switching-ottawa-away-from-car-city/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=OttawaStart.com |language=en-ca}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

=====Toronto, Ontario=====
Toronto has a longstanding policy of encouraging new construction along the route of its primary [[Yonge–University–Spadina line|Yonge Street subway line]].<ref name=":3">{{cite journal|last1=Cervero|first1=Robert|title=Urban Transit in Canada: Integration and Innovation at its Best|journal=Transportation Quarterly|date=1986|volume=40|issue=3|pages=293–316 |hdl=2027/mdp.39015021808582?urlappend=%3Bseq=307 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Most notable are the development of the [[Yonge and Eglinton]] area in the 1960s and 1970s; and the [[North York Centre|present development]] of the 2&nbsp;km of the Yonge Street corridor north of Sheppard Avenue, which began in the late 1980s. In the period since 1997 alone the latter stretch has seen the appearance of a major new [[Empress Walk|shopping centre]] and the building and occupation of over twenty thousand new units of [[Condominium (living space)|condominium]] housing. Since the opening of the [[Sheppard line|Sheppard subway line]] in 2002, there is a [[Condominium (living space)|condominium]] construction boom along the route on Sheppard Avenue East between Yonge Street and Don Mills Road.

In addition to the subway, transit oriented development has also started to be prioritised for regional rail stations, such as [[East Harbour Transit Hub|East Harbour GO]].
[[File:Yonge Street 2022.jpg|thumb|Yonge Street and the transit oriented development along it.]]
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=====Vancouver, British Columbia=====
Vancouver has a strong history of creating new development around its [[SkyTrain (Vancouver)|SkyTrain]] lines<ref name="BC Business">{{cite web|title=Why TransLink is a Leader in Transit-Oriented Development|url=https://www.bcbusiness.ca/why-translink-is-a-leader-in-transit-oriented-development|website=BC Business|date=April 15, 2016 |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref> and building regional town centres at major stations and transit corridors.<ref name="CityLab">{{cite web|last1=Bula|first1=Frances|title=Vancouver's Canada Line Is a Model of Transit-Oriented Development|url=https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2014/02/vancouvers-canada-line-model-transit-oriented-development/8437/|website=CityLab|publisher=Citiscope|access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref> In addition, the [[Government of British Columbia]] has legislated policy that all development within 800m of rail, and within 400m of bus interchanges, must be high density.<ref>{{Cite web |title=B.C. government introduces bill encouraging creation of more housing near transit hubs |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-legislation-transit-hubs-1.7023133}}</ref> Of note is the [[Metrotown, Burnaby|Metrotown]] area of the suburb of [[Burnaby]], [[British Columbia]] near the [[Metrotown station|Metrotown SkyTrain Station]]. The areas around stations have spurred the development of billions of dollars of high-density real estate, with multiple high-rises near the many stations,<ref name="BC Business"/><ref name="CityLab"/> prompting concerns about rapid [[Gentrification of Vancouver|gentrification]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jones|first1=Craig|title=Transit-Oriented Development and Gentrification in Metro Vancouver's Low-Income SkyTrain Corridor|journal=Neighbourhood Change|date=July 2015|url=http://neighbourhoodchange.ca/documents/2015/07/vancouvers-skytrain-corridor.pdf|access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>

=====Winnipeg, Manitoba=====
There is currently one TOD being built in Winnipeg beside the [[Winnipeg Rapid Transit|rapid transit corridor]]. It is known as The Yards at Fort Rouge,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/Secondary_Plans/FortRougeYards/BackgroundStudy-FortRougeYards-June-04.pdf |title=Fort Rouge Yards Concept Plan |access-date=April 27, 2018 |archive-date=April 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427121956/http://winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/Secondary_Plans/FortRougeYards/BackgroundStudy-FortRougeYards-June-04.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and was spearheaded by the developer Gem Equities. In phase two of the southwest rapid transit corridor, there will be four more TODs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Transportation Master Plan|url=http://transportation.speakupwinnipeg.com/files/2011/11/2011-11-01-TTRWinnipegTMP-Final-Report.pdf|access-date=July 27, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412194703/http://transportation.speakupwinnipeg.com/files/2011/11/2011-11-01-TTRWinnipegTMP-Final-Report.pdf|archive-date=April 12, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> This phase is an interesting example of the use of fine arts in parallel with transit planning, making several of the stations sites for public art related to the social history of the area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/our-communities/souwester/News-in-brief-City-seeking-public-art-for-southwest-rapid-transitway-412915793.html|title=News in brief: City seeking public art for southwest rapid transitway|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=2017-02-06|work=Winnipeg Free Press|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref>