Editing Transport in Italy (section)

== Rapid transit ==
===Metro===
[[File:Inaugurazione metro B1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rome Metro]]]]
[[File:M4 San Babila appena inaugurata.jpg|thumb|right|[[Milan Metro]]]]
[[File:Toledo (Metropolitana di Napoli L1).jpg|thumb|[[Toledo (Naples Metro)|Toledo station]] on [[Line 1 (Naples Metro)|Line 1]] of the [[Naples Metro]]]]

The [[Rome Metro]] is a [[rapid transit]] system that operates in [[Rome]], [[Italy]]. It started operation in 1955, making it the oldest in the country. The Metro comprises three lines – [[Line A (Rome Metro)|A]] (orange), [[Line B (Rome Metro)|B]] (blue) and [[Line C (Rome Metro)|C]] (green) – which operate on {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}} of route, serving 73 stations.<ref name="ATAP-trasporto">{{cite web |url=http://www.atac.roma.it/page.asp?p=52 |title=Home > Azienda – I numeri di atac – Trasporto pubblico |publisher=[[ATAC (Rome)|ATAC]] |language=it |trans-title=Home > Company – The numbers of ATAC – Public transportation |date=8 November 2014 |access-date=6 April 2015 |archive-date=23 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723131419/http://www.atac.roma.it/page.asp?p=52 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="LineC-Jun2015">{{cite journal |author=Marco Chiandoni |url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/metros/rome-metro-line-c-reaches-lodi.html |title=Rome metro Line C reaches Lodi |journal=[[International Railway Journal]] |date=30 June 2015 |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> It has a daily ridership of approximately 820,000 passengers, and an annual traffic of approximately 320 million passengers.<ref name="Pendolaria 2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Rapporto-Pendolaria-2019.pdf|title=Pendolaria 2019: i dati su tram e metro a Roma di Legambiente|website=legambiente.it|access-date=11 February 2020|language=it}}</ref>

[[Milan Metro]] is the largest rapid transit system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the fifth longest in the [[European Union]] and the eighth in the [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.milanocittastato.it/trasporti/effetto-m4-la-metro-di-milano-entra-nella-top-europea/?fbclid=IwY2xjawF3U1dleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHXSpIbaPnyiu6v7H7zI_mDyWgUrPadrCjN6GDzfUhPP2dI-Mfj4jLYBecw_aem__7hUFLg35ygwuZipXbL1Vg#goog_rewarded|title=Effetto M4: la metro di Milano entra nella top europea|access-date=12 October 2024|language=it}}</ref> The network consists of five lines (two of which driverless) with a total network length of {{convert|111.8|km|mi}}, and a total of [[List of Milan Metro stations|125 stations]], mostly underground. The first line, [[Milan Metro Line 1|Line 1]], opened in 1964;<ref>Milan Opens Its First Metro ''[[International Railway Journal]]'' February 1965 page 22</ref><ref name="ATM-history">{{cite web |url=http://www.atm.it/en/IlGruppo/LaStoria/Pages/ChiEravamo.aspx |title=ATM's History |publisher=ATM |access-date=9 November 2013 |archive-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202141610/http://www.atm.it/en/IlGruppo/LaStoria/Pages/ChiEravamo.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Milan Metro Line 2|Line 2]] opened 5 years later in 1969,<ref name="ATM-history" /> [[Milan Metro Line 3|Line 3]] in 1990,<ref name="ATM-history" /> [[Milan Metro Line 5|Line 5]] (driverless) in 2013,<ref name="ATM-history-it">{{cite web |url=http://www.atm.it/it/IlGruppo/LaStoria/Pagine/ChiEravamo.aspx |title=La storia |publisher=ATM |language=it |trans-title=The history |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> and [[Milan Metro Line 4|Line 4]] (driverless) in 2022. 

The [[Naples Metro]] is a rapid transit system serving the city of [[Naples]], [[Campania]], [[Italy]] and some parts of the adjacent ''[[Comune|comuni]]'' of its [[Naples metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] through [[Naples–Aversa railway|Line 11]]. The system comprises three underground rapid transit lines ([[Line 1 (Naples Metro)|Line 1]], [[Line 6 (Naples Metro)|Line 6]] and [[Line 11 (Naples Metro)|Line 11]]). It is the third largest underground network in Italy, behind Milan and Rome. The [[Art Stations of the Naples Metro]] consist of 12 stations along Line 1 and Line 6 of the Naples Metro with art installations. In total, there are more than 250 works of art.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Art Napoli |url=https://metroart.anm.it/en/ |website=Metro Art Napoli}}</ref> On 30 November 2012, the [[Toledo (Naples Metro)|Toledo station]] was elected by ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' as the most beautiful subway station in Europe and the world,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=4 February 2016 |title=The most impressive underground railway stations in Europe |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/rail-journeys/The-most-impressive-underground-railway-stations-in-Europe/ |access-date=25 August 2016 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tortora |first=Francesco |date=30 November 2012 |title=La stazione del metrò più bella d'Europa si trova a Napoli |url=https://www.corriere.it/cronache/12_novembre_30/stazioni-metropolitana-belle-materdei-napoli-metro_7204d56c-3afb-11e2-b4fa-74f27e512bd0.shtml |access-date=16 January 2013 |website=[[Corriere della Sera]] |language=it |quote=Il sito del Daily Telegraph di Londra dedica un reportage fotografico alle stazioni della metro più affascinanti d'Europa. Tra le ventidue segnalate, la palma della più bella è assegnata alla fermata Toledo di Napoli, inaugurata lo scorso 12 aprile. |trans-quote=The website of [[The Daily Telegraph]] in London features a photographic report on the most captivating metro stations in Europe. Among the twenty-two highlighted, the title of the most beautiful is awarded to the Toledo station in Naples, inaugurated on April 12.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-21 |title=Europe's Most Beautiful Metro Art Installation Is 130 Feet Underground; All About Toledo Art Station In Naples |url=https://curlytales.com/europes-most-beautiful-metro-art-installation-is-130-feet-underground-all-about-toledo-art-station-in-naples/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Curly Tales |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europe's Most Beautiful Metro Station |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/toledo-art-metro-station-underground |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> a recognition echoed by [[CNN]]’s rankings;<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2014-02-17 |title=Le stazioni del metr&ograve; pi&ugrave; imponenti d&rsquo;Europa, Napoli in testa |url=https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2014/02/17/foto/le_stazioni_metropolitane_pi_imponenti_deuropa_per_la_cnn_toledo_sempre_prima-78844123/1/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=la Repubblica |language=it}}</ref> while the Materdei station resulted at 13th place.<ref>[http://www.corriere.it/gallery/cronache/11-2012/metro/1/stazioni-metro-piu-belle-d-europa_fb1e925c-3afb-11e2-b4fa-74f27e512bd0.shtml#1 Le stazioni della metro più belle d'Europa - Il Daily Telegraph premia Napoli con le fermate Toledo e Materdei. Accessed on November 30, 2012]</ref>

Seven Italian cities have [[Metro (rapid transit)|metro]] systems:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! City !! Name !! Lines !! Length !! Stations !! Opening
|-
| [[Brescia]] || [[Brescia Metro]] || 1 || {{convert|13.7|km|abbr=on}} || 17 ||2013
|-
| [[Catania]] || [[Catania Metro]] || 1 || {{convert|8.8|km|abbr=on}} || 10 ||1999
|-
| [[Genoa]] || [[Genoa Metro]] || 1 || {{convert|7.1|km|abbr=on}} || 8 ||1990
|-
| [[Milan]] || [[Milan Metro]] || 5 || {{convert|112|km|abbr=on}} || 119 || 1964
|-
| [[Naples]] || [[Naples Metro]] || 3 || {{convert|36.4|km|abbr=on}} || 31 || 1993
|-
| [[Rome]] || [[Rome Metro]] || 3 || {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}} || 75 || 1955
|-
| [[Turin]] || [[Turin Metro]] || 1 || {{convert|15.1|km|abbr=on}} || 23 ||2006
|}

===Commuter rail===
[[File:Milano staz Porta Venezia TSR linea S6.JPG|thumb|A [[Treno Servizio Regionale|TSR]] train at [[Milano Porta Venezia railway station]] on the [[Milan Passerby Railway|Milan Passerby railway]]]]
[[File:I08 119 Bf Napoli Garibaldi, ETR 211.jpg|thumb|A Metrostar train at [[Napoli Garibaldi railway station]] on the [[Circumvesuviana]] railway network]]

15 cities have [[commuter rail]] systems; cities without wikilink are those listed just above for their metro rail system.
* [[Bari]] ([[Bari metropolitan railway service]], 3 lines)
* [[Bologna]] ([[Bologna metropolitan railway service]], 8 lines)
* [[Cagliari]], 1 line
* [[Catanzaro]], 2 lines
* Genoa ([[Genoa urban railway service]], 3 lines)
* [[Messina]], 1 line
* Milan ([[Milan suburban railway service]], 12 lines)
* Naples ([[Naples metropolitan railway service]], 8 lines)
* [[Palermo]] ([[Palermo metropolitan railway service]], 2 lines)
* [[Perugia]], 1 line
* [[Potenza]], 1 line
* [[Reggio Calabria]], 1 line
* Rome ([[FL lines]], 8 lines)
* [[Salerno]] ([[Salerno metropolitan railway service]], 1 line)
* Turin ([[Turin metropolitan railway service]], 8 lines)
* [[Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia]] connects [[Canton Ticino]], [[Switzerland]], and [[Italy]], reaching [[Lombardy|Lombard]] cities like [[Como]] and [[Varese]] and the [[Milan Malpensa Airport]].

=== Airport shuttles ===
{{See also|Leonardo Express|Malpensa Express}}
[[File:Leonardo express 01.jpg|thumb|[[Leonardo Express]] at [[Roma Termini railway station]]]]
[[File:Malpensa-Express ETR 245-501 (24201808984).jpg|thumb|[[Malpensa Express]] at [[Milano Centrale railway station]]]]

Airport shuttle buses are highly developed and convenient for rail travellers. Most airports in Italy are not connected to the railway network, except for [[Rome Fiumicino Airport]], [[Milan Malpensa Airport]] and [[Turin Caselle Airport]]. In [[Bologna]], there is the monorail [[Marconi Express]], connecting [[Bologna Airport]] to the main [[Bologna Centrale railway station|railway station]]. [[Linate Airport]] in Milan has been connected to [[Milan Metro Line 4|line 4]] of the [[Milan Metro]] since 2022.

* Venice: Venezia-Mestre station - Marco Polo Airport (50 minutes) and Treviso Airport
* Milan: Milano Centrale station - Malpensa Airport (1 hour 5 minutes), Linate Airport (35 minutes) and Milan Bergamo Airport (1 hour)
* Brescia: Brescia station - Milan Bergamo Airport (1 hour)
* Rome: Rome Termini station - Fiumicino Airport (31 minutes)
* Verona: Verona Porta Nuova station - Villafranca "Catullo" Airport (20 minutes)
* Bologna: Centrale station - Bologna Airport (20 minutes) - Route modified in November 2020. It shifted from route BLQ (Bologna Centrale Station-Bologna Airport) to route 944 Ospedale Maggiore-Bologna Airport
* Pescara Centrale station - Abruzzo Airport (10 minutes)
* Pisa: Pisa Centrale station - San Giusto Airport (5 minutes)
* Florence: Firenze S M Novella station - Florence Airport

===Tram-train===
{{see also|Tram-train}}
[[File:Řím, Porta Maggiore, úzkorozchodná elektrická jednotka.jpg|thumb|[[Rome–Giardinetti railway]]]]
[[File:Sasstram.jpg|thumb|[[Metrosassari]]]]

2 cities have [[tram-train]] system, [[Rome]] and [[Sassari]]. The [[Rome–Giardinetti railway]] connects [[Termini-Laziali (Rome–Giardinetti railway)|Laziali]] (a regional train station some {{Convert|800|m|ft|0}} from [[Roma Termini railway station|Termini]]'s main concourse) with Giardinetti to the east just past the [[Grande Raccordo Anulare]], Rome's orbital motorway.<ref>{{cite web|title=Il Libro Giallo del Trenino|url=http://www.cityrailways.net/studi-e-tecnica/2015/2/10/il-libro-giallo-del-trenino.html|website=CityRailways|access-date=2015-04-22|language=Italian}}</ref> It is run by [[ATAC (Rome)|ATAC]], the company responsible for public transportation in the city, which also operates the [[Rome Metro]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Piccirilli|first1=Antonio|title=Un 'carro bestiame' nel cuore della città: quale futuro per la Roma-Giardinetti?|url=http://pigneto.romatoday.it/trenino-laziali-tra-insicurezza-e-degrado.html|access-date=2015-04-22|newspaper=Roma Today|date=25 June 2013|language=Italian}}</ref> The present railway is the only part of the old and longer [[Rome–Fiuggi–Alatri–Frosinone railway]] to be in service. The latest shortening of the line occurred in 2008 with the closing of the Giardinetti–Pantano section, which has now become part of the [[Line C (Rome Metro)|Metro Line C]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/roma/cronaca/metro_c_atac_sindaco_apertura_pantano_centocelle-686804.html|title=Metro C, apre la Pantano-Centocelle: folla di romani all'inaugurazione|access-date=2018-07-23}}</ref> The line had been due to be dismantled in 2016 to be replaced with a bus lane along Via Casilina,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bisbiglia|first1=Vincenzo|title=Trenino Roma-Giardinetti, la corsa è finita|url=http://www.iltempo.it/roma-capitale/cronaca/2015/01/25/trenino-roma-giardinetti-la-corsa-e-finita-1.1371736|access-date=2015-04-22|newspaper=Il Tempo|date=25 January 2015|language=Italian|archive-date=28 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128184518/http://www.iltempo.it/roma-capitale/cronaca/2015/01/25/trenino-roma-giardinetti-la-corsa-e-finita-1.1371736}}</ref> but in March 2015 it was announced that the line would instead be retained and modernised.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sina|first1=Ylenia|title=La Roma Giardinetti devierà sulla Togliatti: destinazione Tor Vergata|url=http://www.romatoday.it/politica/roma-giardinetti-tor-vergata-torre-spaccata-torre-maura.html|access-date=2015-04-22|newspaper=Roma Today|date=19 March 2015|language=Italian}}</ref>

[[Metrosassari]],<ref>{{in lang|it}} [http://arst.sardegna.it/orari_e_autolinee/servizimetross.html ARST - Metrosassari]</ref><ref>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.atpsassari.it/informations.asp?id=227 Azienda Trasporti Pubblici Sassari - Informazioni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201000521/http://www.atpsassari.it/informations.asp?id=227 |date=1 February 2016 }}</ref> also called ''Sassari tramway'', ''Sassari tram-train'' or ''Sassari metro-tramway'' ({{Langx|it|Metrotranvia di Sassari}} or {{lang|it|Metropolitana leggera di Sassari}}) is the commercial name of a [[tram-train]]<ref>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/Tram_treno_vol_1_v.2.pdf Andrea Spinosa - Progetto tram-treno] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109224453/http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/Tram_treno_vol_1_v.2.pdf |date=9 November 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|it}}[http://www.psbenevento.it/Materiali/bestpum/sassari.pdf Comune di Benevento - SCHEDA n° 2 Sassari, Italia, Tram Treno]</ref><ref>{{in lang|it}} Elena Molinaro, [http://www.asstra.it/asstrasql/bannerhp/attibologna/8-2.pdf ''Linee guida tram treno'']{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, atti del 5º convegno nazionale Sistema Tram, Roma, 1 gennaio – 1 febbraio 2013.</ref> line in [[Sassari]], [[Sardinia]], Italy, operated by the regional public transport company ''ARST'' (''Azienda Regionale Sarda Trasporti''). Despite having been built in the early 2000s, in the urban section the line was built with single track and [[narrow gauge]], to connect with the same {{RailGauge|950mm}} gauge used in the secondary railway lines in Sardinia. The {{convert|2.45|km|abbr=on}} tramway part of the line (''[[Sassari railway station|Stazione]]'' - ''Emiciclo Garibaldi'') opened in October 2006, linking the railway station with the city centre via the hospital district.<ref>{{cite news| title=Metros January 2007| url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//metros-january-2007.html| work=[[Railway Gazette International]]| date=1 January 2007| access-date=27 July 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809093408/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/metros-january-2007.html| archive-date=9 August 2011}}</ref> On 27 September 2009 the line was extended into the peripheral district of Santa Maria di Pisa, running on the electrified portion<ref>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.lestradeferrate.it/34mono/34smariapisa.htm Lestradeferrate.it - Stazione di Santa Maria di Pisa]</ref> of the [[Sassari–Sorso railway]].<ref>{{in lang|it}} ''Tram oltre Sassari''. In: ″I Treni″ Nr. 320 (November 2009), p. 8.</ref> The main part of the network is in 2013 in advanced development phase. It is under construction is the extension of the line from Santa Maria di Pisa to Li Punti and Baldinca, and the electrification of the railway to [[Sorso]], 10&nbsp;km from Sassari. It is also planned to convert and electrify the 28&nbsp;km Sassari-Alghero railway to allow the trams to reach the village of [[Olmedo, Sardinia|Olmedo]], [[Fertilia Airport]] and the town of [[Alghero]].