Editing Ultrashort pulse (section)

===Advanced material 3D micro-/nano-processing===
The ability of femtosecond lasers to efficiently fabricate complex structures and devices for a wide variety of applications has been extensively studied during the last decade. State-of-the-art laser processing techniques with ultrashort light pulses can be used to structure materials with a sub-micrometer resolution. Direct laser writing (DLW) of suitable photoresists and other transparent media can create intricate three-dimensional photonic crystals (PhC), micro-optical components, gratings, [[tissue engineering]] (TE) scaffolds and optical waveguides. Such structures are potentially useful for empowering next-generation applications in telecommunications and bioengineering that rely on the creation of increasingly sophisticated miniature parts. The precision, fabrication speed and versatility of ultrafast laser processing make it well placed to become a vital industrial tool for manufacturing.
<ref name="MalinauskasŽukauskas2016">{{cite journal|last1=Malinauskas|first1=Mangirdas|last2=Žukauskas|first2=Albertas|last3=Hasegawa|first3=Satoshi|last4=Hayasaki|first4=Yoshio|last5=Mizeikis|first5=Vygantas|last6=Buividas|first6=Ričardas|last7=Juodkazis|first7=Saulius|title=Ultrafast laser processing of materials: from science to industry|journal=Light: Science & Applications|volume=5|issue=8|year=2016|pages=e16133|issn=2047-7538|doi=10.1038/lsa.2016.133|bibcode=2016LSA.....5E6133M|pmc=5987357|pmid=30167182}}</ref>