Editing Ventilator (section)

===United States===
In 2006, president [[George W. Bush]] signed the [[Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act]], which created the [[Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority]] (BARDA) within the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]]. In preparation for a possible epidemic of respiratory disease, the newly created office awarded a $6 million contract to [[Newport Medical Instruments]], a small company in California, to make 40,000 ventilators for under $3,000 apiece. In 2011, Newport sent three prototypes to the [[Centers for Disease Control]]. In 2012, [[Covidien]], a $12 billion/year medical device manufacturer, which manufactured more expensive competing ventilators, bought Newport for $100 million. Covidien delayed and in 2014 cancelled the contract.

BARDA started over again with a new company, [[Philips]], and in July 2019, the [[FDA]] approved the Philips ventilator, and the government ordered 10,000 ventilators for delivery in mid-2020.<ref name="Aura">{{cite news
| author = Nicholas Kulish, Sarah Kliff and Jessica Silver-Greenberg
| title = The U.S. Tried to Build a New Fleet of Ventilators. The Mission Failed. As the coronavirus spreads, the collapse of the project helps explain America's acute shortage.
| newspaper = New York Times
| date = March 29, 2020
| url =  https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/29/business/coronavirus-us-ventilator-shortage.html
}}</ref>

On April 23, 2020, [[NASA]] reported building, in 37 days, a successful COVID-19 ventilator, named VITAL ("Ventilator Intervention Technology Accessible Locally"). On April 30, NASA reported receiving fast-track approval for emergency use by the [[United States Food and Drug Administration]] for the new ventilator.<ref name="NASA-20200430">{{cite news |last1=Inclán |first1=Bettina |last2=Rydin |first2=Matthew |last3=Northon |first3=Karen |last4=Good |first4=Andrew |title=NASA-Developed Ventilator Authorized by FDA for Emergency Use |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7655 |date=30 April 2020 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=1 May 2020 }}</ref><ref name="NASA-20200423">{{cite news |last1=Good |first1=Andrew |last2=Greicius |first2=Tony |title=NASA Develops COVID-19 Prototype Ventilator in 37 Days |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-develops-covid-19-prototype-ventilator-in-37-days |date=April 23, 2020 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 24, 2020 }}</ref><ref name="SPC-20200424">{{cite news |last=Wall |first=Mike |title=NASA engineers build new COVID-19 ventilator in 37 days |url=https://www.space.com/nasa-covid-19-ventilator-passes-test.html |date=April 24, 2020 |work=[[Space.com]] |access-date=April 24, 2020 }}</ref> On May 29, NASA reported that eight manufacturers were selected to manufacture the new ventilator.<ref name="NASA-20200529">{{cite news |last1=Inclán |first1=Bettina |last2=Rydin |first2=Matthew |last3=Northon |first3=Karen |last4=Good |first4=Andrew |title=Eight US Manufacturers Selected to Make NASA COVID-19 Ventilator |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7668 |date=May 29, 2020 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=May 29, 2020 }}</ref>

<gallery>
File:PIA23891-NASA-VITAL-Team-20200430.jpg|Engineering team
File:PIA23775-NASA-VITAL-Ventilator-20200430.jpg|Front view
File:DSC_0509-Edit-cr.jpg|Side view
File:PIA24034-VITAL-Ventilators-20200804.jpg|Stacks of ventilator prototypes
</gallery>