Editing Voiced alveolar fricative (section)

==Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative==
{{Infobox IPA
|above = Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative
|decimal1 = 240
|decimal2 = 800
|ipa symbol = ð̠
|ipa symbol2 = ð͇
|ipa symbol3 = ɹ̝
|ipa symbol4 = d̞
}}
{{Infobox IPA
|above=Voiced alveolar tapped fricative
|ipa symbol=ɾ̞
|ipa symbol2=ɹ̝̆
|ipa number=124 430
}}

The '''voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative ''' is a consonantal sound. As the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] does not have separate symbols for the alveolar consonants (the same symbol is used for all [[coronal consonant|coronal]] places of articulation that are not [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]]), it can represent the sound as in a number of ways including {{angbr IPA|ð̠}} or {{angbr IPA|ð͇}} ([[Retraction (phonetics)|retracted]] or alveolarized {{IPA|[ð]}}, respectively), {{angbr IPA|ɹ̝}} (constricted {{IPA|[ɹ]}}), or {{angbr IPA|d̞}} (lowered {{IPA|[d]}}).

Few languages also have the '''voiced alveolar tapped fricative''', which is simply a very brief apical alveolar non-sibilant fricative, with the tongue making the gesture for a tapped stop but not making full contact. It can be indicated in the IPA with the lowering diacritic to show that full occlusion does not occur. Flapped fricatives are theoretically possible but are not attested.{{sfnp|Laver|1994|p=263}}

===Features===
{{fricative}} However, it does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant.
{{alveolar}}
{{voiced}}
{{oral}}
{{central articulation}}
{{pulmonic}}

===Occurrence===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]] || [[Aragonese dialects|Chistabino]]{{sfnp|Mott|2007|pp=104, 112}} || {{lang|an|ai'''r'''e|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈäi̯ɾ̞e̞]}} || 'air' || Tapped; common realization of {{IPA|/ɾ/}}.{{sfnp|Mott|2007|pp=104, 112}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Czech language|Czech]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|pp=228–230 and 233}} || {{lang|cs|[[Czech alphabet|čty'''ř'''i]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃtɪɹ̝ɪ]}} || 'four' || May be a [[Voiced alveolar fricative trill|fricative trill]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|pp=228–230 and 233}} or a [[Alveolar tap#Voiced alveolar raised non-sonorant tap|tap fricative]] instead.{{sfnp|Šimáčková|Podlipský|Chládková|2012|p=226}} It contrasts with {{IPA|/r/}} and {{IPA|/ʒ/}}. See [[Czech phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Dahalo language|Dahalo]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Maddieson|Spajić|Sands|Ladefoged|1993|p=34}}</ref> || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[káð̠i]}} || 'work' || Apical; only weakly fricated. It is a common intervocalic allophone of {{IPA|/d̠/}}, and may be an approximant {{IPAblink|ð̠˕}} or simply a plosive {{IPAblink|d}} instead.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Maddieson|Spajić|Sands|Ladefoged|1993|pp=28, 34}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Dutch language|Dutch]]<ref name="CM199">{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|2003|p=199}}. Authors do not say where exactly it is used.</ref> || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|voo'''r''']]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[vöːɹ̝]}} || 'for' || One of many possible realizations of {{IPA|/r/}}; distribution unclear. See [[Dutch phonology]]
|-
|[[Emilian language|Emilian]]
|[[Bolognese dialect|Bolognese]]
|{{lang|egl|chè'''ṡ'''}}
|{{IPA|[ˈkɛːð̠]}}
|'case'
|Laminal
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[English language|English]] || [[Scouse]]{{sfnp|Watson|2007|pp=352–353}} || ''[[English orthography|mai'''d''']]'' || {{IPA|[meɪð̠] }} || 'maid' || Allophone of {{IPA|/d/}}. See [[English phonology]]
|-
| [[South African English|South African]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=236}}{{sfnp|Ogden|2009|p=92}} || ''[[English orthography|'''r'''ound]]'' || {{IPA|[ɹ̝æʊ̯nd]}} || 'round' || Apical,{{sfnp|Ogden|2009|p=92}} present in some urban dialects.{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=236}} See [[South African English phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]<ref name="Pétursson">{{Harvcoltxt|Pétursson|1971|p=?}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=145}}</ref><ref name="Grønnum">{{Harvcoltxt|Grønnum|2005|p=139}}</ref> || {{lang|is|[[Icelandic orthography|bró'''ð'''ir]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpro͡uːð̠ɪr]}} || 'brother' || Usually apical,<ref name="Pétursson"/><ref name="Grønnum"/> may be closer to an [[alveolar approximant|approximant]]. See [[Icelandic phonology]]
|-
| [[Italian language|Italian]] ||[[Sicily]]{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|pp=64–65}}||{{lang|it|[[Italian alphabet|te'''rr'''a]]|italic=yes}}||{{IPA|[ˈt̪ɛɹ̝ä]}}|| 'earth' || Apical; corresponds to {{IPA|/rr/}} in standard Italian.{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|pp=64–65}} See [[Italian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Manx language|Manx]]{{sfnp|Broderick|1986|p=17}} || {{lang|gv|mooa'''r'''|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[muːɹ̝]}} || 'big' || Pre-consonantal and word-final realization of {{IPA|/r/}}, in [[free variation]] with other allophones.
|-
| [[Spanish language|Spanish]]{{sfnp|Mott|2007|p=112}} ||Aragonese || {{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|ai'''r'''e]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈäi̯ɾ̞e̞]}} || 'air' || Tapped; possible realization of {{IPA|/ɾ/}}.{{sfnp|Mott|2007|p=112}} See [[Spanish phonology]]
|-
| [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || Central Standard{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|pp=141}}{{sfnp|Engstrand|2004|p=167}} || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish orthography|vand'''r'''are]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[²vän̪ːd̪ɹ̝äɹɛ]}} || 'wanderer' || Allophone of {{IPA|/r/}} around the Stockholm area. See [[Swedish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Tacana language|Tacana]]<ref name="tacana">{{cite web|title=UPSID r[F|url=http://web.phonetik.uni-frankfurt.de/S/S0777.html|access-date=24 January 2016}}</ref> || colspan="2" | {{example needed|date=January 2016}} || || Tapped.<ref name="tacana"/>
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Turkish language|Turkish]]{{sfnp|Yavuz|Balcı|2011|p=25}} || {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|'''r'''üya]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈɾ̞yːjɑ]}} || 'dream' || Tapped; word-initial allophone of {{IPA|/ɾ/}}.{{sfnp|Yavuz|Balcı|2011|p=25}} See [[Turkish phonology]]
|}