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Votic language
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== Orthography == In the 1920s, the Votic linguist [[Dmitri Tsvetkov]] wrote a Votic grammar using a modified [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] alphabet. The current Votic alphabet was created by [[Mehmet Muslimov]] in 2004:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ernits |first=E. (Эрнитс Э) |date=2006 |title=Ob oboznachenii zvukov v vodskom literaturnom yazyke |script-title=ru:Об обозначении звуков в водском литературном языке |url=http://www.kirj.ee/public/va_lu/ling-2006-1-1.pdf |journal=Linguistica Uralica |language=ru |volume=42 |issue=1 |doi=10.3176/lu.2006.1.01 |s2cid=248306077}}</ref> {| |'''A а''' |'''Ä ä''' |'''B b''' |'''C c''' |'''D d''' |'''<nowiki>D' d'</nowiki>''' |'''E e''' |'''F f''' |'''G g''' |- |'''H h''' |'''I i''' |'''J j''' |'''K k''' |'''L l''' |'''<nowiki>L' l'</nowiki>''' |'''M m''' |'''N n''' |'''<nowiki>N' n'</nowiki>''' |- |'''O o''' |'''Ö ö''' |'''Õ õ''' |'''P p''' |'''R r''' |'''<nowiki>R' r'</nowiki>''' |'''S s''' |'''<nowiki>S' s'</nowiki>''' |'''Š š''' |- |'''Z z''' |'''<nowiki>Z' z'</nowiki>''' |'''Ž ž''' |'''T t''' |'''<nowiki>T' t'</nowiki>''' |'''U u''' |'''V v''' |'''Ü ü''' |'''Ts ts''' |} A peculiarity of Muslimov's orthography is using ''c'' for {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}} (this phoneme comes mostly from palatalization of historical {{IPA|/k/}}, compare Votic ''ceeli'' 'language', ''cülä'' 'village' with Finnish ''kieli, kylä''). Some publications use ''tš'' or ''č'' instead. One may find different orthographies for Votic in descriptive work. Some use a modified Cyrillic alphabet, and others a [[Latin script|Latin]] one. The transcriptions based on Latin have many similarities with those used in closely related Finnic languages, such as the use of ''č'' for {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}. At least a couple of ways exist for indicating long vowels in Votic; placing a [[Macron (diacritic)|macron]] over the vowel (such as ''ā'') as in [[Latvian language|Latvian]], or as in written Estonian and Finnish, doubling the vowel (''aa''). [[Gemination|Geminate]] consonants are generally represented with two characters. The representation of central vowels varies. In some cases the practice is to use ''e̮'' according to the standards of [[Uralic transcription]], while in other cases the letter ''õ'' is used, as in Estonian.
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