Editing Yellow badge (section)

===Medieval and early modern Europe===
;1215: The [[Fourth Council of the Lateran]] headed by [[Pope Innocent III]] declares: "Jews and [[Saracen]]s of both sexes in every Christian province and at all times shall be marked off in the eyes of the public from other peoples through the character of their dress."<ref name="LateranIV_Canon68">[[Fourth Council of the Lateran]], Canon 68.</ref>
;1219: [[Pope Honorius III]] issues a dispensation to the Jews of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].<ref name="Adler&Jacobs" /> Spanish Jews normally wore [[turban]]s in any case, which presumably met the requirement to be distinctive.<ref name="Roth" />
;1222: [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] [[Stephen Langton]] orders English Jews to wear a white band two fingers broad and four fingers long.<ref name="Adler&Jacobs" />
;1227: The Synod of [[Narbonne]] rules: "That Jews may be distinguished from others, we decree and emphatically command that in the center of the breast (of their garments) they shall wear an oval badge, the measure of one finger in width and one half a palm in height."<ref name="LateranIV_Canon68" />
;1228: [[James I of Aragon|James I]] orders Jews of [[Aragon]] to wear the badge.<ref name="Adler&Jacobs" />[[File:Aaron,SonOfDevil.jpg|thumb|In the 1277 caricature ''[[Aaron, Son of the Devil]]'', Aaron wears a badge with the [[Tablets of Stone|Tablets of the Law]]]]
;1265: The {{lang|es|[[Siete Partidas]]}}, a legal code enacted in Castile by [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso X]] but not implemented until many years later, includes a requirement for Jews to wear distinguishing marks.<ref name="Halsall_1997" />
;1267: In a special session, the [[Vienna]] city council forces Jews to wear {{lang|la|[[Jewish hat|pileum cornutum]]}} (a cone-shaped head dress, common in medieval illustrations of Jews); a badge does not seem to have been worn in Austria.<ref name="Adler&Jacobs" />
;1269: [[Kingdom of France|France]]. (Saint) [[Louis IX of France]] orders all Jews found in public without a badge ({{langx|fr|rouelle}} or {{lang|fr|roue}}, {{langx|la|rota}}) to be fined ten livres of silver.<ref name="Birnbaum" /> The enforcement of wearing the badge is repeated by local councils, with varying degrees of fines, at [[Arles]] 1234 and 1260, [[Béziers]] 1246, [[Albi]] 1254, [[Nîmes]] 1284 and 1365, [[Avignon]] 1326 and 1337, [[Rodez]] 1336, and [[Vanves]] 1368.<ref name="Adler&Jacobs" />
;1274: The [[Statute of Jewry]] in England, enacted by King [[Edward I of England|Edward I]], enforces the regulations. "Each Jew, after he is seven years old, shall wear a distinguishing mark on his outer garment, that is to say, in the form of two Tables joined, of yellow felt of the length of {{convert|6|in|mm|round=5|disp=sqbr|spell=in}} and of the breadth of {{convert|3|in|mm|round=5|disp=sqbr|spell=in}}."<ref name="ThisSceptredIsle" />
;1294: [[Erfurt]]. The earliest mention of the badge in Germany.<ref name="Adler&Jacobs" />
;1315–1326: Emir [[Ismail I of Granada|Ismail Abu-I-Walid]] forces the Jews of [[Granada]] to wear the yellow badge.<ref name="Adler&Jacobs" />
;1321: [[Henry II of Castile]] forces the Jews to wear the yellow badge.<ref name="Adler&Jacobs" />[[File:Jewish man - worms - 16th century.jpg|thumb|16th-century watercolour of a Jew from Worms, Germany. The {{lang|la|rota}} or ''Jewish ring'' on the cloak, moneybag, and garlic bulb are symbols of [[stereotypes of Jews|antisemitic ethnic stereotypes]]]]
;1415: A bull of the [[Antipope Benedict XIII]] orders the Jews to wear a yellow and red badge; the men on their breast, the women on their forehead.<ref name="Adler&Jacobs" />
;1434: Emperor [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]] reintroduces the badge at [[Augsburg]].<ref name="Adler&Jacobs" />
;1528: The [[Council of Ten]] of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] allows the newly arrived famous physician and professor [[Jacob Mantino ben Samuel]] to wear the regular black doctors' cap instead of Jewish yellow hat for several months (subsequently made permanent), upon the recommendation of the French and English ambassadors, the [[papal legate]], and other dignitaries numbered among his patients.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Deutsch |first1=Gotthard |author-link1=Gotthard Deutsch |last2=Broydé |first2=Isaac |author-link2=Isaac Broydé |year=1904 |editor-last=Singer |editor-first=Isidore |editor-link=Isidore Singer |title=Mantino, Jacob ben Samuel |url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/10379-mantino-jacob-ben-samuel |encyclopedia=[[The Jewish Encyclopedia]] |volume=VIII |location=New York; London |publisher=[[Funk & Wagnalls]] |pages=297–298 |access-date=13 July 2023 }}</ref>
;1555: [[Pope Paul IV]] decrees, in his {{lang|la|[[Cum nimis absurdum]]}}, that the Jews should wear yellow hats.
;1566: King [[Sigismund II Augustus]] passes a law that required [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Lithuanian]] Jews to wear yellow hats and head coverings. The law was abolished twenty years later.<ref name="Adler&Jacobs" />
;1710: [[Frederick William I of Prussia|Frederick William I]] abolished the mandatory Jewish yellow patch in [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in return for a payment of 8,000 [[thaler]] (about $75,000 worth of silver at 2007 prices) each.<ref>{{cite book |last=Elon |first=Amos |author-link=Amos Elon |year=2002 |title=The Pity of It All: A History of the Jews in Germany, 1743–1933 |url=https://archive.org/details/pityofitallhisto00elon |url-access=limited |location=New York |publisher=Metropolitan Books |page=15 |isbn=0-8050-5964-4 }} See talk page for conversion.</ref>