Editing 1964 in science (section)

==Physiology and medicine==
* January 11 – [[United States Surgeon General|U.S. Surgeon General]] Luther Terry reports that smoking may be hazardous to health in the first such statement from the [[Federal government of the United States]].
* January 16 – First [[angioplasty]] carried out, on the [[superficial femoral artery]] by U.S. [[interventional radiologist]] [[Charles Dotter]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dotter|first1=C. T.|last2=Judkins|first2=M. P.|year=1964|title=Transluminal Treatment of Arteriosclerotic Obstruction: Description of a New Technic and a Preliminary Report of Its Application|url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/30/5/654.full.pdf+html|journal=[[Circulation (journal)|Circulation]]|volume=30|issue=5|pages=654–670|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.30.5.654|pmid=14226164|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rösch|first1=J.|last2=Keller|first2=F. S.|last3=Kaufman|first3=J. A.|year=2003|title=The Birth, Early Years, and Future of Interventional Radiology|journal=Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology|volume=14|issue=7|pages=841–853|pmid=12847192|doi=10.1097/01.RVI.0000083840.97061.5b}}</ref>
* January 23 – First [[heart transplantation]] on a human, using a [[Common chimpanzee|chimpanzee]] heart, carried out by U.S. surgeon James D. Hardy on Boyd Rush, but the organ is rejected after a few hours.
* March 28 – The [[Epstein-Barr virus]] is first described, by [[Anthony Epstein]], [[Bert Achong]] and [[Yvonne Barr]] in London.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Epstein, M. A. |author2=Achong, B. G. |author3=Barr, Y. M. |date=1964-03-28|title=Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt's lymphoma|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=1|issue=7335|pages=702–703|pmid=14107961|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(64)91524-7}}</ref>
* June 27 – [[Iain Macintyre]]'s group reports it has isolated and sequenced the newly discovered hormone [[calcitonin]] and demonstrates its origin in the [[parafollicular cell]]s of the [[thyroid gland]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Foster|first1=G. V.|last2=Baghdiantz|first2=A.|last3=Kumar|first3=M. A.|last4=Slack|first4=E.|last5=Soliman|first5=H. A.|last6=MacIntyre|first6=I.|date=1964|title=Thyroid origin of Calcitonin|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/2021303a0|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|language=en|volume=202|issue=4939|pages=1303–1305|doi=10.1038/2021303a0|pmid=14210962|bibcode=1964Natur.202.1303F|s2cid=2443410|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[Jerome Horwitz]] synthesizes [[zidovudine]] (AZT), an [[antiviral drug]] that will come to be used in treating [[HIV]].
* [[Temazepam]] first synthesized.
* [[Lesch–Nyhan syndrome]] is first described, by Drs Michael Lesch and William Nyhan.
* Fernando Alves Martins of [[Portugal]] applies [[optical fiber]] technology to a gastrocamera to produce the first such device with a flexible fiberscope, for use in [[esophagogastroduodenoscopy]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Martins|first=F. A.|date=30 June 2009|title=O Endoscópio|url=http://inventonices.blogspot.com/2009/06/o-endoscopio.html|language=Portuguese|work=Fernando Alves Martins' Blog|accessdate=2012-02-07}}</ref>