Editing 2004 in science (section)

==Physics==
* January 14 – Physicists from [[Pennsylvania State University]] produce the first solid [[Bose–Einstein condensate]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature02220|pmid=14724632|title=Probable observation of a supersolid helium phase|journal=Nature|volume=427|issue=6971|pages=225–227|year=2004|last1=Kim|first1=E.|last2=Chan|first2=M. H. W.|bibcode=2004Natur.427..225K|s2cid=3112651 }}</ref>
* January – A team from the [[JILA]] laboratory in [[Boulder, Colorado]] announce the creation of a [[fermionic condensate]], the first such condensate made from atoms rather than molecules.
* February 3 – Russian and American physicists produce results that indicate the discovery of elements [[Nihonium|113]] and [[Moscovium|115]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Experiments on the synthesis of element 115 in the reaction <sup>243</sup>Am(<sup>48</sup>Ca,''xn'')<sup>291−''x''</sup>115|journal=Physical Review C|volume=69|issue=2|pages=021601|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.69.021601|date=2004-02-02|last1=Oganessian|first1=Yu. Ts|last2=Utyonkoy|first2=V. K.|last3=Lobanov|first3=Yu. V.|last4=Abdullin|first4=F. Sh|last5=Polyakov|first5=A. N.|last6=Shirokovsky|first6=I. V.|last7=Tsyganov|first7=Yu. S.|last8=Gulbekian|first8=G. G.|last9=Bogomolov|first9=S. L.|last10=Mezentsev|first10=A. N.|last11=Iliev|first11=S.|last12=Subbotin|first12=V. G.|last13=Sukhov|first13=A. M.|last14=Voinov|first14=A. A.|last15=Buklanov|first15=G. V.|last16=Subotic|first16=K.|last17=Zagrebaev|first17=V. I.|last18=Itkis|first18=M. G.|last19=Patin|first19=J. B.|last20=Moody|first20=K. J.|last21=Wild|first21=J. F.|last22=Stoyer|first22=M. A.|last23=Stoyer|first23=N. J.|last24=Shaughnessy|first24=D. A.|last25=Kenneally|first25=J. M.|last26=Lougheed|first26=R. W.|bibcode=2004PhRvC..69b1601O|url=http://lt-jds.jinr.ru/record/7440/files/178%28E7-2003-178%29.pdf|access-date=2019-07-04|archive-date=2020-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307233820/http://lt-jds.jinr.ru/record/7440/files/178%28E7-2003-178%29.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* March 22 – A team from Australia, Russia and Greece announce a new material, made from a nano-foam of [[carbon]] that has the lowest density ever reported for a solid.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://physicsweb.org/article/news/8/3/13|title=Nano-foam makes magnetic debut – physicsworld.com<!-- Bot generated title -->|publisher=physicsweb.org}}</ref>
* April 20 – [[NASA]] launches [[Gravity Probe B]] in an effort to test [[Albert Einstein|Einstein's]] [[general relativity|general theory of relativity]].
* May 19 – A team of European scientists produces the first [[Tonks–Girardeau gas]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature02530|pmid=15152247|title=Tonks–Girardeau gas of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice|journal=Nature|volume=429|issue=6989|pages=277–281|year=2004|last1=Paredes|first1=Belén|last2=Widera|first2=Artur|last3=Murg|first3=Valentin|last4=Mandel|first4=Olaf|last5=Fölling|first5=Simon|last6=Cirac|first6=Ignacio|last7=Shlyapnikov|first7=Gora V.|last8=Hänsch|first8=Theodor W.|last9=Bloch|first9=Immanuel|bibcode=2004Natur.429..277P|s2cid=4423003 |url=http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00085063-6|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* September 24 – Physicists from the [[Université Joseph Fourier]] and the [[Institut Laue–Langevin]] in [[Grenoble]], France announce the discovery of a solution (a-cyclodextrine, water, and 4-methylpyridine) that changes from liquid to solid when heated, and melts again when cooled down.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1063/1.1794652|pmid = 15352791|title = Freezing on heating of liquid solutions|journal = The Journal of Chemical Physics|volume = 121|issue = 11|pages = 5031–5034|year = 2004|last1 = Plazanet|first1 = M.|last2 = Floare|first2 = C.|last3 = Johnson|first3 = M. R.|last4 = Schweins|first4 = R.|last5 = Trommsdorff|first5 = H. P.|bibcode = 2004JChPh.121.5031P}}</ref>
* October 22 – [[Andre Geim]] and [[Konstantin Novoselov]] publish their rediscovery, isolation and characterization of [[graphene]] at the [[University of Manchester]] in England.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films|journal=Science|date=2004-10-22|issn=0036-8075|pmid=15499015|pages=666–669|volume=306|issue=5696|doi=10.1126/science.1102896|first1=K. S.|last1=Novoselov|first2=A. K.|last2=Geim|first3=S. V.|last3=Morozov|first4=D.|last4=Jiang|first5=Y.|last5=Zhang|first6=S. V.|last6=Dubonos|first7=I. V.|last7=Grigorieva|first8=A. A.|last8=Firsov|arxiv=cond-mat/0410550|bibcode=2004Sci...306..666N|s2cid=5729649 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=October 2009|url=http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200910/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=187967|title=This Month in Physics History: October 22, 2004: Discovery of Graphene|series=Series II|volume=18|issue=9|page=2|journal=[[APS News]]|access-date=2016-11-27}}</ref>