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3D projection
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===Axonometric projection=== {{Main|Axonometric projection}} [[File:Axonometric projections.png|thumb|The three [[axonometric projection|axonometric views]], here of [[cabinetry]]]] ''Axonometric projections'' show an image of an object as viewed from a skew direction in order to reveal all three directions (axes) of space in one picture.<ref>{{cite book |last= Mitchell |first= William |author2=Malcolm McCullough |title= Digital design media |publisher= John Wiley and Sons |date= 1994 |page= 169 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JrZoGgQEhKkC&q=axonometric+orthographic&pg=PA169 |isbn= 978-0-471-28666-0}}</ref> Axonometric projections may be either ''orthographic'' or ''oblique''. Axonometric instrument drawings are often used to approximate graphical perspective projections, but there is attendant distortion in the approximation. Because pictorial projections innately contain this distortion, in instrument drawings of pictorials great liberties may then be taken for economy of effort and best effect.{{clarify|date=May 2017}} ''Axonometric projection'' is further subdivided into three categories: ''isometric projection'', ''dimetric projection'', and ''trimetric projection'', depending on the exact angle at which the view deviates from the orthogonal.<ref name="maynard">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Y_YqOlXoxMC&q=axonometric+orthographic&pg=PA22|title=Drawing distinctions: the varieties of graphic expression|last=Maynard|first=Patric|date=2005|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-7280-0|page=22}}</ref><ref name="mcreynolds">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4eYq7-2YhYC&q=axonometric+orthographic&pg=PA502|title=Advanced graphics programming using openGL|last=McReynolds|first=Tom|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-55860-659-3|page=502|author2=David Blythe}}</ref> A typical characteristic of orthographic pictorials is that one axis of space is usually displayed as vertical. ====Isometric projection==== In '''isometric pictorials''' (for methods, see [[Isometric projection]]), the direction of viewing is such that the three axes of space appear equally foreshortened, and there is a common angle of 120Β° between them. The distortion caused by [[foreshortening]] is uniform, therefore the proportionality of all sides and lengths are preserved, and the axes share a common scale. This enables measurements to be read or taken directly from the drawing. ====Dimetric projection==== In '''dimetric pictorials''' (for methods, see [[Dimetric projection]]), the direction of viewing is such that two of the three axes of space appear equally foreshortened, of which the attendant scale and angles of presentation are determined according to the angle of viewing; the scale of the third direction (vertical) is determined separately. Approximations are common in dimetric drawings. ====Trimetric projection==== In '''trimetric pictorials''' (for methods, see [[Trimetric projection]]), the direction of viewing is such that all of the three axes of space appear unequally foreshortened. The scale along each of the three axes and the angles among them are determined separately as dictated by the angle of viewing. Approximations in Trimetric drawings are common.
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