Editing Adult neurogenesis (section)

=== Rodents ===
{{Further|Animal testing on rodents}}
[[Rodent]]s, mice and rats, have been the most prominent model organism since the discovery of modern neurons by [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal|Santiago Ramon y Cajal]]. Rodents have a very similar architecture and a complex nervous system with very little regenerative capacity similar to that found in humans. For that reason, rodents have been heavily used in [[Pre-clinical development|pre-clinical testing]]. Rodents display a wide range of neural circuits responsible for complex behaviors making them ideal for studies of dendritic pruning and axonal shearing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jones|first1=Theresa A.|last2=Schallert|first2=Timothy|date=1992-05-22|title=Overgrowth and pruning of dendrites in adult rats recovering from neocortical damage|journal=Brain Research|volume=581|issue=1|pages=156–160|doi=10.1016/0006-8993(92)90356-E|pmid=1498666|s2cid=34248397}}</ref> While the organism makes for a strong human analog, the model has its limitations not found in the previous models: higher cost of maintenance, lower breeding numbers, and the limited neurogenerative abilities.

To some extent, adult neurogenesis in rodents may be induced by selective disruption of [[Notch signalling]] in [[astrocytes]]:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Magnusson |first1=Jens |title=A latent neurogenic program in astrocytes regulated by Notch signaling in the mouse |journal=Science |date=2014-10-10 |volume=346 |issue=6206 |pages=237–241 |doi=10.1126/science.346.6206.237 |pmid=25301628 |bibcode=2014Sci...346..237M |s2cid=14534396 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.346.6206.237|url-access=subscription }}</ref> this produces novel neurons which functionally integrate into the [[striatal]] circuit.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dorst |first1=Matthijs |title=Astrocyte-derived neurons provide excitatory input to the adult striatal circuitry |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=2021-08-17 |volume=118 |issue=33 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2104119118 |pmc=8379996  |pmid=34389674 |bibcode=2021PNAS..11804119D |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of rodents generates [[oxidative stress]] and production of [[reactive oxygen species]] that can damage both [[DNA]] and [[lipid]]s.<ref name="Walton2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walton NM, Shin R, Tajinda K, Heusner CL, Kogan JH, Miyake S, Chen Q, Tamura K, Matsumoto M |title=Adult neurogenesis transiently generates oxidative stress |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=e35264 |date=2012 |pmid=22558133 |pmc=3340368 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0035264 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2012PLoSO...735264W }}</ref> The oxidative stress caused by postnatal neurogenesis may significantly contribute to the reduced [[learning]] and [[memory]] that occurs with increasing age.<ref name = Walton2012/>