Editing Ancona (section)

=== Jewish history ===
{{See also|Ancona Jews}}
[[Jews]] according to documents began living in Ancona in 967 AD, even though there is evidence they lived there even before.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/ancona |title=The Jewish Community of Ancona |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141842/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/ancona |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Ancona Ghetto">{{Cite web |title=Ghetto of Ancona |url=https://www.visitjewishitaly.it/en/listing/ghetto-of-ancona/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=Visit Jewish Italy |language=en-US}}</ref> It has been claimed that in 1270, a Jewish resident of Ancona, [[Jacob of Ancona]], travelled to [[China]], four years before [[Marco Polo]], and documented his impressions in a book called "The City of Lights". From 1300 and on, the Jewish community of Ancona grew steadily, most due to the city importance and it being a center of trade with the [[Levant]].<ref name="Matas v7" /> In that year, Jewish poet [[Immanuel the Roman]] tried to lower high taxation taken from the Jewish community of the city. Over the next 200 years, Jews from Germany, Spain, [[Sicily]] and Portugal immigrated to Ancona, due to persecutions in their homeland and thanks to the pro-Jewish attitude taken towards Ancona Jews due to their importance in the trade and banking business, making Ancona a trade center.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

In 1555, pope [[Paul IV]] forced the [[Crypto-Judaism|Crypto-Jewish]] community of the city to convert to [[Christianity]], as part of his Papal [[Cum nimis absurdum|Bull of 1555]]. While some did, others refused to do so and thus were hanged and then burnt in the town square.<ref name="Ancona Ghetto" /> In response, Jewish merchants boycotted Ancona for a short while. The boycott was led by [[Dona Gracia Mendes Nasi]].{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

Though emancipated by [[Napoleon I]] for several years, in 1843 [[Pope Gregory XVI]] revived an old decree, forbidding Jews from living outside the [[ghetto]], wearing identification sign on their clothes and other religious and financial restrictions.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140225181422/http://www.j-italy.org/sources/books-and-essays/edict-of-the-inquisition-of-ancona-against-the-jews Edict of the Inquisition of Ancona against the jews] at [[Internet Archive]]</ref> Public opinion did not approve of these restrictions, and they were cancelled a short while after.<ref name="jewishvirtuallibrary.org">[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0002_0_01073.html Jewish Virtual Library]</ref>

The Jews of Ancona received full emancipation in 1848 with [[Papal conclave, 1846|the election of Pope]] [[Pius IX]]. In 1938, 1177 lived in Ancona;<ref name="jewishvirtuallibrary.org"/> 53 Jews were sent away to Germany, 15 of them survived and returned to the town after [[World War II]].{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} The majority of the Jewish community stayed in town or emigrated due to high ransoms paid to the fascist regime. In 2004, about 200 Jews lived in Ancona.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

Two synagogues and two cemeteries still exist in the city. The ancient Monte-Cardeto cemetery is one of the biggest Jewish cemeteries in Europe and tombstones are dated to 1552 and on.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} It can still be visited and it resides within the [[:it:Parco del Cardeto|Parco del Cardeto]].