Editing Animation (section)

===Switch from cels to computers===
{{main|History of computer animation}}
[[Computer animation]] was gradually developed since the 1940s. 3D wireframe animation started popping up in the mainstream in the 1970s, with an early (short) appearance in the sci-fi thriller ''[[Futureworld]]'' (1976).<ref>{{cite web | last=Ferrier | first=Aimee | title=What was the first movie to feature a CGI lead character? | website=Far Out Magazine | date=2022-10-07 | url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/first-movie-cgi-lead-character/ | access-date=2025-05-03}}</ref>

''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'' was the first feature film to be completely created digitally without a camera.<ref name="first digital guinness">{{cite web |title=First fully digital feature film |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-fully-digital-feature-film/ |work=Guinness World Records |publisher=Guinness World Records Limited |access-date=27 December 2018}}</ref> It was produced using the [[Computer Animation Production System]] (CAPS), developed by [[Pixar]] in collaboration with [[The Walt Disney Company]] in the late 1980s, in a style similar to traditional cel animation.<ref name="Ness 2015 p197">{{cite web | last=Ness | first=Mari | title=The Arrival of Computer Animation: The Rescuers Down Under | website=Reactor Magazine | date=17 December 2015 | url=https://reactormag.com/the-arrival-of-computer-animation-the-rescuers-down-under/ | access-date=27 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="Guinness World Records 2024 a420">{{cite web | title=First fully digital feature film | website=Guinness World Records | date=27 February 2024 | url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-fully-digital-feature-film | access-date=27 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="Allison 2022 u732">{{cite web | last=Allison | first=Austin | title=Disney and Pixar's Top 5 Most Innovative Animation Technologies, Explained | website=Collider | date=23 January 2022 | url=https://collider.com/disney-pixar-animation-technologies-explained/#caps | access-date=27 February 2024}}</ref>

The so-called 3D style, more often associated with computer animation, became the dominant technique following the success of Pixar's ''[[Toy Story]]'' (1995), the first computer-animated feature in this style.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Zorthian |first=Julia |date=19 November 2015 |title=How ''Toy Story'' Changed Movie History |url=https://time.com/4118006/20-years-toy-story-pixar/ |access-date=29 January 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref>

Most of the cel animation studios switched to producing mostly computer-animated films around the 1990s, as it proved cheaper and more profitable. Not only the very popular 3D animation style was generated with computers, but also most of the films and series with a more traditional hand-crafted appearance, in which the charming characteristics of cel animation could be emulated with software, while new digital tools helped developing new styles and effects.<ref>{{cite web |last=Amidi |first=Amid |author-link=Amid Amidi |title= Sergio Pablos Talks About His Stunning Hand-Drawn Project 'Klaus' [Exclusive] |url=https://www.cartoonbrew.com/interviews/sergio-pablos-talks-about-his-stunning-hand-drawn-project-klaus-exclusive-113621.html |website=[[Cartoon Brew]] |date=1 June 2015 |access-date=12 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHxhr6KAaUw |last1=Netflix: Behind the Streams | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211122/FHxhr6KAaUw| archive-date=22 November 2021 | url-status=live|title=The Origins of Klaus |date= 10 October 2019 |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=12 October 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bernstein |first=Abbie |title=Exclusive Interview: John Kahrs & Kristina Reed on PAPERMAN |url= http://www.assignmentx.com/2013/exclusive-interview-john-kahrs-kristina-reed-on-paperman/ |work=Assignment X |publisher= Midnight Productions, Inc|access-date=6 October 2013|date=25 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title='Paperman' short to play before 'Wreck it Ralph'|first1= Anthony |last1 = Breznican  |url= https://ew.com/article/2012/06/28/first-look-paperman/|magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date = 28 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224033559/https://ew.com/article/2012/06/28/first-look-paperman/ |archive-date= 24 December 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Sarto|first= Dan|title=Inside Disney's New Animated Short 'Paperman' |date=1 June 2012 |url=http://www.awn.com/articles/short-films/inside-disney-s-new-animated-short-paperman|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=5 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.3dworldmag.com/2012/06/29/disneys-paperman-animated-short-fuses-cg-and-hand-drawn-techniques/ |title=Disney's Paperman animated short fuses CG and hand-drawn techniques|access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref>