Editing Anovulation (section)

===Fertility awareness and LH measurement===

Symptoms-based methods of [[fertility awareness]] may be used to detect ovulation or to determine that cycles are anovulatory.  Charting of the menstrual cycle may be done by hand, or with the aid of various [[fertility monitors]].  Records of one of the primary fertility awareness signs—[[basal body temperature]]—can detect [[ovulation]] by identifying the shift in temperature which takes place after ovulation. It is said to be the most reliable way of confirming whether ovulation has occurred.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Hamilton-Fairley|first1=Diana|last2=Taylor|first2=Alison|date=2003-09-06|title=Anovulation|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|volume=327|issue=7414|pages=546–549|doi=10.1136/bmj.327.7414.546|issn=1756-1833|pmc=192851|pmid=12958117}}</ref>

Women may also use ovulation predictor kits (OPKs) which detect the increase in [[luteinizing hormone]] (LH) levels that usually indicates imminent ovulation. For some women, these devices do not detect the LH surge, or high levels of LH are a poor predictor of ovulation; this is particularly common in women with PCOS. In such cases, OPKs and those fertility monitors which are based on LH may show false results, with an increased number of [[Type I and type II errors|false positives or false negatives]]. Dr. Freundl from the University of Heidelberg suggests that tests which use LH as a reference often lack sensitivity and specificity.<ref name=":1">Richard Scott Lucidi (25 October 2011). "Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome". [[eMedicine]]. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011</ref>