Editing Anti-gravity (section)

===Thomas Townsend Brown's gravitator===
{{Further|Biefeld-Brown effect|Electrogravitics|United States gravity control propulsion research#Brown's gravitator}}
In 1921, while still in [[high school]], [[Thomas Townsend Brown]] found that a high-voltage [[Coolidge tube]] seemed to change mass depending on its orientation on a balance scale. Through the 1920s Brown developed this into devices that combined high voltages with materials with high [[dielectric]] constants (essentially large [[capacitors]]); he called such a device a "gravitator". Brown made the claim to observers and in the media that his experiments were showing anti-gravity effects. Brown would continue his work and produced a series of high-voltage devices in the following years in attempts to sell his ideas to aircraft companies and the military. He coined the names [[Biefeld–Brown effect]] and [[electrogravitics]] in conjunction with his devices. Brown tested his asymmetrical capacitor devices in a vacuum, supposedly showing it was not a more down-to-earth [[electrohydrodynamic]] effect generated by high voltage ion flow in air.

Electrogravitics is a popular topic in [[ufology]], anti-gravity, [[free energy suppression conspiracy theory|free energy]], with government conspiracy theorists and related websites, in books and publications with claims that the technology became highly classified in the early 1960s and that it is used to power UFOs and the [[Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit|B-2 bomber]].<ref name="Wired">{{Cite news
	| magazine = Wired Magazine
	| date = August 2003
	| title = The Antigravity Underground
	| last = Thompson
	| first = Clive
	| url = https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.08/pwr_antigravity.html
	}}</ref> There is also research and videos on the internet purported to show lifter-style capacitor devices working in a vacuum, therefore not receiving propulsion from ion drift or [[ion wind]] being generated in air.<ref name="Wired"/><ref>Thomas Valone, Electrogravitics II: Validating Reports on a New Propulsion Methodology,  Integrity Research Institute, page 52-58</ref>

Follow-up studies on Brown's work and other claims have been conducted by R. L. Talley in a 1990 US Air Force study, NASA scientist Jonathan Campbell in a 2003 experiment,<ref name="Wired"/>  and [[Martin Tajmar]] in a 2004 paper.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Tajmar | first1 = M. | title = Biefeld-Brown Effect: Misinterpretation of Corona Wind Phenomena | journal = AIAA Journal | volume = 42 | issue = 2 | pages = 315–318 | date = 2004 | doi = 10.2514/1.9095|bibcode = 2004AIAAJ..42..315T }}</ref> They have found that no thrust could be observed in a vacuum and that Brown's and other [[Ionocraft|ion lifter]] devices produce thrust along their axis regardless of the direction of gravity consistent with electrohydrodynamic effects.