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Arebhashe dialect
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=== Cases table === {| class="wikitable" | '''Case''' | '''<nowiki>'Standard Kannada' Case-termination</nowiki>''' | '''Arebhashe Case''' |- | [[nominative case]] ಪ್ರಥಮಾ(ಕರ್ತೃವಿಭಕ್ತಿ-kartr̥vibhakti) | <nowiki>ಉ | maravu(ಮರವು)</nowiki> | Ø |- | [[accusative case]] ದ್ವಿತೀಯಾ(ಕರ್ಮವಿಭಕ್ತಿ-karmavibhakti) | <nowiki>ಅನ್ನು | maravannu(ಮರವನ್ನು)</nowiki> | <nowiki>ನ | mara-na(ಮರನ)</nowiki> |- | [[instrumental case]] ತೃತೀಯಾ(ಕರಣವಿಭಕ್ತಿ-karaṇavibhakti) | <nowiki>ಇಂದ | mara-dinda(ಮರದಿಂದ)</nowiki> | <nowiki>ನ್ದ | mara-nda(ಮರಂದ)</nowiki> |- | [[dative case]] ಚತುರ್ಥೀ(ಸಂಪ್ರದಾನವಿಭಕ್ತಿ-sampradānavibhakti) | <nowiki>ಇಗೆ/ಇಕ್ಕೆ | mara-kke(ಮರಕ್ಕೆ)</nowiki> | <nowiki>ಕೆ/ಗೆ - ke/ge/nge | mara-ke(ಮರಕೆ)</nowiki> |- | [[ablative case]] ಪಂಚಮೀ(ಅಪಾದಾನವಿಭಕ್ತಿ-apādānavibhakti) | <nowiki>ದೆಸೆಯಿಂದ | marada-deseyinda(ಮರದ ದೆಸೆಯಿಂದ)</nowiki> | <nowiki>ನ್ದ | mara-nda(ಮರಂದ)</nowiki> |- | [[genitive case]] ಷಷ್ಠೀ(ಸಂಬಂಧವಿಭಕ್ತಿ-saṃbandhavibhakti) | <nowiki>ಅ | mara-da(ಮರದ)</nowiki> | <nowiki>ಅ | mara-na/a(ಮರನ/ಮರ)</nowiki> |- | [[locative case]] ಸಪ್ತಮೀ(ಅಧಿಕರಣವಿಭಕ್ತಿ-adhikaraṇavibhakti) | <nowiki>ಅಲ್ಲಿ | marada-alli(ಮರದಲ್ಲಿ)</nowiki> | <nowiki>ಲಿ | mara-li(ಮರಲಿ)</nowiki> |- | [[vocative case]] ಸಂಭೋದನಾ(ಸಂಬೋಧನಾವಿಭಕ್ತಿ-saṃbōdhanāvibhakti) | <nowiki>ಏ | mara-vē(ಮರವೇ)</nowiki> | <nowiki>ಏ | mara-vē(ಮರವೇ)</nowiki> |} ==== Accusative case ==== :{a} / -a / -na :''/ -a occurs after [[noun]]s stem ending in [[consonant]]s.'' :E.g. '''/ -a''' : 'It' - ad-ar-a - ಅದ್-ಅರ್-ಅ; 'them' - av-ar-a - ಅವ್-ಅರ್-ಅ; 'whom' - ya:r-a - ಯಾ-ರ್-ಅ :''/ -na occurs elsewhere''. :E.g. '''/ -na''' : 'elder sister'-akka-na-ಅಕ್ಕ-ನ; 'mother'-avva-na-ಅವ್ವ-ನ; 'father'-appa-na-ಅಪ್ಪ-ನ; 'the tree'-mara-na-ಮರ-ನ; 'the blind woman'-kurd-i-na-ಕುರ್ಡ್-ಇ-ನ ==== Instrumental case ==== {-nda}-da nda : ''/ -da occurs after -n ending stems in [[demonstrative]]s''. : E.g. '''/ -da''' : 'by him'-av-á-n-da-ಅವ್-ಅ-ನ್-ದ 'by this man'-iv-a-n-da-ಇವ್-ಅ-ನ್-ದ : ''/ -nda occurs elsewhere''. :E.g. '''/ -nda''' : 'by father'-appa-nda-ಅಪ್ಪ-ನ್ದ; 'by the tree'-mara-nda-ಮರ-ನ್ದ; 'by it or her'-ad-ar-nda-ಅದ್-ಅರ್-ನ್ದ 'by the cat'-kotti-nda-ಕೊತ್ತಿ-ನ್ದ 'by the ladder'-e:ni-nda-ಏಣಿ-ನ್ದ ==== Dative case ==== { ɲge } /-ke /-ɲge /-ge : ''/-ke occurs after the [[noun stem]]s having the Inflexional increment -k, and also after the [[Demonstrative]] and [[Interrogative]] [[pronoun]]s.'' : E.g. /-ke : 'to the tree'-mara-k-ke-ಮರ-ಕ್-ಕೆ(ಮರಕ್ಕೆ) 'to the book'-pustaka-k-ke-ಪುಸ್ತಕ-ಕ-ಕೆ; 'to the money-haɲa-k-ke-ಹಣ-ಕ-ಕೆ; 'to it'-adi-ke- ಅದಿ-ಕೆ 'to this'-idi-ke-ಇದಿ-ಕೆ; 'to which'-ya-di-ke-ಯಾ-ದಿ-ಕೆ; to which (pl)-ya:vu-ke-ಯಾ-ಉ-ಕೆ(ಯಾವಕ್ಕೆ) : ''/-ɲge occurs after -a ending [[Noun stem]]s belonging to animate class.'' : E.g. '''/-ɲge''' : 'to father'-appa-ɲge-ಅಪ್ಪ-ನ್ಗೆ; 'to mother'-avva-ɲge-ಅವ್ವ-ನ್ಗೆ; 'to elder sister'-akka-ɲge-ಅಕ್ಕ-ನ್ಗೆ; to the buffalo-ko:ɲa-ɲge-ಕೋಣ-ನ್ಗೆ to the parrot-gi:ɲa-ɲge-ಗಿಣ-ನ್ಗೆ : /-ge occurs elsewhere. : E.g. '''/-ge''' : 'to the donkey'-katte-ge-ಕತ್ತೆ-ಗೆ 'to the coat'-ko:țu-ge-ಕೋಟು-ಗೆ 'to the car'ka:rɨ-ge-ಕಾರ್-ಗೆ
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