Editing Arms control (section)

== List of treaties and conventions related to arms control ==

Some of the more important international arms control agreements follow:
*[[Treaty of Versailles]], 1919 – limited the size of the Germany's military after [[World War I]]
*[[Washington Naval Treaty]], 1922–1939{{efn|The last naval conference treaty was to expire [[de jure]] in 1942, but in fact it ceased to be enforced with the start of World War II.}} (as part of the [[Washington Naval Conference|naval conference]]s) – set limitations on construction of [[battleship]]s, [[battlecruiser]]s, and [[aircraft carrier]]s as well as tonnage quotas on [[cruiser]]s, [[destroyer]]s, and [[submarine]]s between the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, and Italy
* [[Geneva Protocol]], 1925 – prohibited the use of [[Biological warfare|biological]] and [[chemical weapon]]s against enemy nationals in international armed conflict
* [[Antarctic Treaty]], signed 1959, entered into force 1961 – prohibited military conflict in [[Antarctica]]
* [[Partial Test Ban Treaty]], signed and entered into force 1963 – prohibited nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere
* [[Outer Space Treaty]], signed and entered into force 1967<ref>{{cite web|title=Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies|url=http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/outerspt.html|work=United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs|publisher=UNOOSA|access-date=16 May 2012}}</ref> – prohibited deployment of [[Weapon of mass destruction|weapons of mass destruction]], including nuclear weapons, in [[Outer space|space]]
* [[Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty]], signed 1968, entered into force 1970 – prohibited countries without nuclear weapons from acquiring them while committing nuclear-armed states to eventual disarmament
*[[Seabed Arms Control Treaty]], signed 1971, entered into force 1972<ref>{{cite web|title=The Seabed Treaty|url=https://1997-2001.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/seabed1.html|work=TREATY ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE EMPLACEMENT OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND OTHER WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION ON THE SEABED AND THE OCEAN FLOOR AND IN THE SUBSOIL THEREOF|publisher=US Department of State|access-date=13 May 2012}}</ref> – prohibited underwater nuclear tests
*[[SALT I Treaty|Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty]] (SALT I), signed and ratified 1972, in force 1972–1977 – limited introduction of new [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] launchers and [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]]s
* [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]], signed and entered into force 1972, terminated following U.S. withdrawal 2002 – restricted [[anti-ballistic missile]]s
* [[Biological Weapons Convention]], signed 1972, entered into force 1975<ref>{{cite web|title=Disarmament:The Biological Weapons Convention|url=http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/%28httpPages%29/04FBBDD6315AC720C1257180004B1B2F?OpenDocument|work=UNOG|publisher=UNOG|access-date=13 May 2012}}</ref> – prohibited production of biological weapons
* [[Threshold Test Ban Treaty]], signed 1974, entered into force 1990 – limited nuclear weapons tests to 150 kilotons
*[[SALT II]] signed 1979, never entered into force – limited production of long-range and intercontinental ballistic missiles
*[[Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques|Environmental Modification Convention]], signed 1977, entered into force 1978 – prohibited military use of environmental modification techniques
* [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons]], signed 1980, entered into force 1983 – restricted certain [[conventional weapon]]s such as [[Land mine|landmines]], [[Incendiary device|incendiary weapons]], and [[laser weapon]]s as well as requiring clearance of [[unexploded ordnance]]s. 
* [[Moon Treaty]], signed 1979, entered into force 1984{{efn|The [[Moon Treaty]] entered into force in 1984, but the great majority of states have neither signed nor ratified it, including the major [[spacefaring]] nations.}} – prohibits militarization of the [[Moon]]
*[[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty]] (INF Treaty), signed 1987, entered into force 1988, United States and Russia announced withdrawal 2019 – limited [[Short-range ballistic missile|short-range]] and [[intermediate-range ballistic missile]]s
*[[Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe]], (CFE Treaty) signed 1990, entered into force 1992{{efn|Post–Cold War Amendments to the [[Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe|CFE Treaty]] were agreed in 1996, but never entered into force.  Russia announced its intended suspension of the treaty in 2007.}} – established limits on deployment of conventional military forces in Europe between [[NATO]] and the [[Warsaw Pact]]
*[[Vienna Document]], adopted 1990, updated 1992, 1994, 1999, 2011<ref name="Shakirov_future_of_Vienna_document">{{cite web | last1 = Shakirov | first1 = Oleg | title= The future of the Vienna Document | website= [[PIR Center]] |year = 2019 | url = https://www.pircenter.org/media/content/files/14/15754830230.pdf | access-date = 2022-02-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210126074208/https://www.pircenter.org/media/content/files/14/15754830230.pdf |archive-date= 2021-01-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> – European agreement on [[confidence-building measures|confidence- and security-building measure]]s such as prior notification of military force activities and inspections of military activities
*[[START I|Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty I]] ([[START I]]), signed 1991, entered into force 1994, expired 2009 ([[START I]] was a successor to the expired [[Strategic Arms Limitation Talks|SALT]] agreements.) – provided limitations on strategic offensive arms
* [[Chemical Weapons Convention]], signed 1993, entered into force 1997 – prohibited production and stockpiling of chemical weapons
* [[START II]], signed 1993, ratified 1996 (United States) and 2000 (Russia), terminated following Russian withdrawal 2002<ref>{{cite web|title=Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START II)|url=https://fas.org/nuke/control/start2/|work=Federation of American Scientists|publisher=Federation of American Scientists|access-date=13 May 2012}}</ref> – prohibited intercontinental ballistic missiles with [[multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle]]s
* [[Open Skies Treaty]], signed 1992, entered into force 2002<ref>{{cite web|title=Open Skies Treaty: Fact Sheet|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/03/186738.htm|work=U.S. Department of State|publisher=U.S. State Department|access-date=13 May 2012|author=Office of the Spokesperson|date=23 March 2012}}</ref> – allowed unarmed [[Reconnaissance aircraft|reconnaissance flights]] between [[NATO]] and Russia
* [[Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty]], signed 1996, has not entered into force. – prohibited nuclear weapons testing
* [[Ottawa Treaty]] on [[Anti-personnel mine|anti-personnel landmines]], signed 1997, entered into force 1999{{efn|The largest producers of anti-personnel land mines, China, Russia and the United States, have not adhered to the [[Ottawa Treaty]] on land mines.}}
* [[Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty]] (SORT), signed 2002, entered into force 2003, expires 2012 – limited nuclear warheads 
* [[International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation]], signed 2002 – limited proliferation of [[ballistic missile]]s
*[[Convention on Cluster Munitions]], signed 2008, entered into force 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=The Convention|url=http://www.clusterconvention.org/|work=Convention on Cluster Munitions – CCM|publisher=Convention on Cluster Munitions – CCM|access-date=13 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Cluster bomb treaty reaches ratification, UN says|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8519360.stm|work=BBC World News|publisher=BBC|access-date=13 May 2012|format=News article|date=17 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Q&A: Cluster bomb treaty|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7762914.stm|work=BBC World News|publisher=BBC|access-date=13 May 2012|format=News article|date=3 December 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Treaty enacted to ban cluster bombs|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-10829992|work=BBC World News|publisher=BBC|access-date=13 May 2012|author=Stuart Hughes|date=1 August 2010}}</ref> – prohibits deployment, production, and stockpiling of [[Cluster munition|cluster bombs]]
*[[START treaty (2010)|New START Treaty]], signed by Russia and the United States April 2010, entered into force February 2011<ref>{{cite news|title=Don't play politics with new START treaty|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/11/19/wilk.new.start.treaty/|work=CNN|publisher=Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.|access-date=16 May 2012|author=Peter Wilk|date=19 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312222058/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-11-19/opinion/wilk.new.start.treaty_1_nuclear-weapons-president-medvedev-strategic-arms-reduction-treaty?_s=PM:OPINION|archive-date=12 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New START: Treaty Text|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/newstart/c44126.htm|work=US Department of State|publisher=U.S. State Department.|access-date=16 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Key Senate committee passes nuclear arms treaty|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/09/16/senate.start.treaty/|work=CNN|publisher=Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.|access-date=16 May 2012|date=7 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325065357/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-09-16/politics/senate.start.treaty_1_start-treaty-nuclear-arms-treaty-russian-parliament?_s=PM:POLITICS|archive-date=25 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Arms Treaty With Russia Headed for Ratification|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/22/world/europe/22start.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=16 May 2012|author=PETER BAKER|format=Article|date=21 December 2010}}</ref> – reduced strategic nuclear missiles by half
*[[Arms Trade Treaty]], concluded 2013, entered into force 24 December 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Arms Trade Treaty|url=http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/t/att|website=UNODA|publisher=UNODA|access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref> – regulates [[Arms industry|trade of conventional weapons]]
* [[Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons]], signed 2017, entered into force January 2021 – prohibits nuclear weapons

===Nuclear weapon-free zone treaties===
* [[Treaty of Tlatelolco]] (Latin America and the [[Caribbean]]), signed 1967, entered into force 1972
* [[Treaty of Rarotonga]] ([[South Pacific Ocean|South Pacific]]), signed 1985, entered into force 1986<ref>{{cite web|title=South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone (SPNFZ) Treaty Treaty of Rarotonga|url=https://fas.org/nuke/control/spnfz/index.html|work=Federation of American Scientists|publisher=(Federation of American Scientists)www.fas.org|access-date=16 May 2012}}</ref>
* [[Treaty of Bangkok]] (Southeast Asia), signed 1995, entered into force 1997<ref>{{cite web|title=Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone Bangkok,Thailand 15 December 1995|url=http://www.asean.org/2082.htm|work=ASEAN|publisher=ASEAN Secretariat|access-date=16 May 2012}}</ref>
* [[Treaty of Pelindaba]] (Africa), signed 1996, entered into force 2009
* [[Treaty of Semipalatinsk]] (Central Asia), signed 2006, entered into force 2008<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Asian States Establish Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone Despite U.S. Opposition|url=http://cns.miis.edu/stories/060905.htm|work=James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies|publisher=James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)|access-date=16 May 2012|author=Scott Parrish, William C. Potter|format=Article|date=8 September 2006}}</ref>
Other treaties also envision the creation of NWFZ, among other objectives. These are the following:
* [[Antarctic Treaty]], signed 1959, entered into force 1961
* [[Outer Space Treaty]], signed and entered into force 1967
* [[Seabed Arms Control Treaty]], signed 1971, entered into force 1972

===Treaties not entered into force===
* [[Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty]], signed 1996 – prohibits nuclear weapons testing

===Proposed treaties===
* [[Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Draft Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty, or FM(C)T|url=http://fissilematerials.org/library/2009/02/draft_fissile_material_cutoff_.html|work=Library: International Panel on Fissile Materials|publisher=International Panel on Fissile Materials|access-date=17 May 2012}}</ref> – would prohibit all further production of [[fissile material]]
* [[Nuclear weapons convention]] – would prohibit nuclear weapons

===Export control regimes===
* [[Zangger Committee]] since 1971
* [[Nuclear Suppliers Group]] (NSG) since 1974
* [[Australia Group]] since 1985
* [[Missile Technology Control Regime]] (MTCR), since 1987
* [[Wassenaar Arrangement]], since 1996

===Nonbinding declarations===
* [[Ayacucho Declaration]] 1974