Editing Baghdad (section)

== Geography ==
[[File:Zawra Park landscape.jpeg|thumb|Al-Zawraa Park in Baghdad]]
[[File:Bagdad-sat.JPG|thumb|Baghdad as seen from the [[International Space Station]]]]
The city is located on a vast plain bisected by the [[Tigris]] river. The Tigris splits Baghdad in half, with the eastern half being called "[[Al-Rusafa, Iraq|Risafa]]" and the Western half known as "[[Karkh]]". The land on which the city is built is almost entirely flat and low-lying, being of [[quaternary]] [[alluvium|alluvial]] origin due to periodic large flooding of the Tigris river. The [[Diyala river]] is a tributary of the Tigris, flowing southeast of the city and bordering its eastern suburbs.

Baghdad is {{Convert|529.8|km|mi}} northwest of [[Basra]], {{Convert|402.9|km|mi}} south of [[Mosul]], {{Convert|366.8|km|mi}} south of [[Erbil]] and {{Convert|103.8|km|mi}} northeast of [[Karbala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baghdad · Baghdad Governorate, Iraq |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Baghdad,+Baghdad+Governorate,+Iraq/@33.1458711,44.2274836,41106m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x15577f67a0a74193:0x9deda9d2a3b16f2c!8m2!3d33.315241!4d44.3660671!16zL20vMDFmcW0?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MTEyNC4xIKXMDSoASAFQAw== |access-date=28 November 2024 |website=Baghdad · Baghdad Governorate, Iraq |language=en}}</ref> Located to the south is [[Mahmoudiyah, Iraq|Mahmoudiyah]], which serves as the gateway to Baghdad.
{{wide image|Tigris River in Baghdad (2016).jpg|700px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of the Tigris as it flows through Baghdad}}

=== Climate ===
Baghdad has a [[hot desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BWh''), featuring extremely hot, prolonged, dry summers and mild to cool, slightly wet, short winters. In the summer, from June through August, the average maximum temperature is as high as {{cvt|44|°C|°F|0}} and accompanied by sunshine. Rainfall has been recorded on fewer than half a dozen occasions at this time of year and has never exceeded {{cvt|1|mm|in|2|sp=us}}.<ref name="Geert">{{cite web |url=http://www.knmi.nl/~oldenbor/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711043252/http://www.knmi.nl/~oldenbor/ |url-status=dead |title=Geert Jan van Oldenborgh @ KNMI |date=11 July 2012 |archive-date=11 July 2012 |website=archive.is |access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref> Even at night, temperatures in summer are seldom below {{cvt|24|°C|°F}}. Baghdad's record highest temperature of {{cvt|51.8|°C|°F}} was reached on 28 July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-mensuelle/40650/juillet/2020/baghdad.html |title=Climatologie mensuelle en juillet 2020 à Baghdad &#124; climatologie depuis 1900 – Infoclimat |website=infoclimat.fr |access-date=28 July 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728224224/https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-mensuelle/40650/juillet/2020/baghdad.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="record">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2020/07/29/baghdad-iraq-heat-record/ |title=Baghdad Soars to 125 Blistering Degrees, Its Highest Temperature on Record |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=29 July 2020 |access-date=31 July 2020 |last1=Cappucci |first1=Matthew |last2=Salim |first2=Mustafa |language=en-US |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731032954/https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2020/07/29/baghdad-iraq-heat-record/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Humidity]] is under 50% in summer, due to Baghdad's distance from both the marshes in southern Iraq and the coasts of the [[Persian Gulf]]. [[Dust storm]]s from the deserts to the west are a normal occurrence during the summer.

Its winter temperatures are those of a [[hot desert climate]]. From December through February, Baghdad has maximum temperatures averaging {{cvt|16|to|19|C|F|0}}, with highs possible above {{cvt|21|C|F|0}}. Lows below freezing occur [[statistical]]ly a couple of times per year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1464 |title=World Weather Information Service |date=26 October 2016 |website=worldweather.wmo.int |access-date=26 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027054505/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1464 |archive-date=27 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Annual rainfall, almost entirely confined to the period from November through March, averages approximately {{cvt|150|mm|in|2}}, but has been as high as {{cvt|338|mm|in|2}} and as low as {{cvt|37|mm|in|2}}.<ref name="Geert" /> On 11 January 2008, light snow fell across Baghdad for the first time in 100 years.<ref>{{cite web |author=(AFP) – 11 January 2008 |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5huPkYk4bGVvo1Sa1tWeH-tgENiFw |title=Afp.google.com, First snow for 100 years falls on Baghdad |date=11 January 2008 |access-date=27 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929173506/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5huPkYk4bGVvo1Sa1tWeH-tgENiFw |archive-date=29 September 2010}}</ref> Snowfall was again reported on 11 February 2020, with accumulations across the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1855239/ultra-rare-snowfall-carpets-baghdad |title=Ultra-rare snowfall carpets Baghdad |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=11 February 2020 |access-date=29 May 2020 }}</ref>
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Baghdad (1991-2020)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 16.2
| Feb high C = 19.3
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 30.5
| May high C = 37.1
| Jun high C = 42.2
| Jul high C = 44.7
| Aug high C = 44.5
| Sep high C = 40.3
| Oct high C = 34.0
| Nov high C = 23.9
| Dec high C = 18.0
| Jan mean C = 10.0
| Feb mean C = 12.8
| Mar mean C = 17.5
| Apr mean C = 23.4
| May mean C = 29.5
| Jun mean C = 33.4
| Jul mean C = 35.8
| Aug mean C = 35.3
| Sep mean C = 31.2
| Oct mean C = 25.1
| Nov mean C = 16.5
| Dec mean C = 11.7
| Jan low C = 4.7
| Feb low C = 6.5
| Mar low C = 10.5
| Apr low C = 15.7
| May low C = 21.1
| Jun low C = 24.9
| Jul low C = 26.9
| Aug low C = 26.2
| Sep low C = 22.2
| Oct low C = 17.2
| Nov low C = 10.2
| Dec low C = 6.0
| Jan record high C = 24.8
| Feb record high C = 28.2
| Mar record high C = 36.6
| Apr record high C = 42.0
| May record high C = 46.7
| Jun record high C = 49.6
| Jul record high C = 51.8
| Aug record high C = 50.0
| Sep record high C = 48.4
| Oct record high C = 40.2
| Nov record high C = 35.6
| Dec record high C = 25.3
| year record high C = 51.8
| year high C = 30.6
| year low C = 14.9
| Jan record low C = -11.0
| Feb record low C = -10.0
| Mar record low C = -5.5
| Apr record low C = -0.6
| May record low C = 8.3
| Jun record low C = 14.6
| Jul record low C = 22.4
| Aug record low C = 20.6
| Sep record low C = 15.3
| Oct record low C = 6.2
| Nov record low C = -1.5
| Dec record low C = -8.7
| year record low C = -11.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 24.6
| Feb precipitation mm = 16.6
| Mar precipitation mm = 15.7
| Apr precipitation mm = 16.2
| May precipitation mm = 3.3
| Jun precipitation mm = 0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0
| Aug precipitation mm = 0
| Sep precipitation mm = 0.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 7.6
| Nov precipitation mm = 23.6
| Dec precipitation mm = 17.0
| unit precipitation days =
| Jan precipitation days = 5
| Feb precipitation days = 5
| Mar precipitation days = 6
| Apr precipitation days = 4
| May precipitation days = 2
| Jun precipitation days = 0
| Jul precipitation days = 0
| Aug precipitation days = 0
| Sep precipitation days = 0
| Oct precipitation days = 1
| Nov precipitation days = 5
| Dec precipitation days = 6
| Jan humidity = 69.1
| Feb humidity = 58.9
| Mar humidity = 48.7
| Apr humidity = 41.1
| May humidity = 31.4
| Jun humidity = 24.4
| Jul humidity = 23.8
| Aug humidity = 25.7
| Sep humidity = 30.9
| Oct humidity = 41.6
| Nov humidity = 57.9
| Dec humidity = 68.0
| Jan sun = 192.2
| Feb sun = 203.4
| Mar sun = 244.9
| Apr sun = 255.0
| May sun = 300.7
| Jun sun = 348.0
| Jul sun = 347.2
| Aug sun = 353.4
| Sep sun = 315.0
| Oct sun = 272.8
| Nov sun = 213.0
| Dec sun = 195.3
| Jan uv = 3
| Feb uv = 4
| Mar uv = 6
| Apr uv = 8
| May uv = 10
| Jun uv = 11
| Jul uv = 11
| Aug uv = 10
| Sep uv = 8
| Oct uv = 6
| Nov uv = 4
| Dec uv = 3
| source 1 = [[WMO]] (precipitation days 1976-2008)<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iraq/CSV/BAGHDAD_40650.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Baghdad |format=CSV
| publisher = [[NOAA|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 2 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=WMO>{{cite web |url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/154/c01464.htm |title=World Weather Information Service – Baghdad |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=20 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625022518/http://worldweather.wmo.int/154/c01464.htm |archive-date=25 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| source 2 = Climate & Temperature<ref name=climatetemp>{{cite web |url=http://www.climatetemp.info/iraq/baghdad.html |title=Baghdad Climate Guide to the Average Weather & Temperatures, with Graphs Elucidating Sunshine and Rainfall Data & Information about Wind Speeds & Humidity |access-date=25 December 2011 |publisher=Climate & Temperature |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106135651/http://www.climatetemp.info/iraq/baghdad.html |archive-date=6 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/iraq/baghdad-climate#uv_index |title=Monthly weather forecast and climate for Baghdad, Iraq |access-date=27 April 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919180124/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/iraq/baghdad-climate#uv_index |url-status=live}}</ref>
| date = August 2010
}}