Editing Behaviorism (section)

===Law of effect and trace conditioning===
* '''[[Law of effect]]''': Although [[Edward Thorndike]]'s methodology mainly dealt with reinforcing observable behavior, it viewed [[mentalism|cognitive]] antecedents as the causes of behavior,<ref name="BehaviorAnalysisLearning">{{Cite book |last1=W. David Pierce |url=https://routledgetextbooks.com/textbooks/9781138898585/ |title=Behavior analysis and learning: a biobehavioral approach |last2=Carl D. Cheney |date=2017 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1138898585 |edition=sixth |location=New York |pages=1–622}}</ref> and was theoretically much more similar to the [[cognitive behavior therapy|cognitive-behavior therapies]] than classical (methodological) or modern-day (radical) behaviorism. Nevertheless, Skinner's [[operant conditioning]] was heavily influenced by the Law of Effect's principle of reinforcement.<ref name=BehaviorAnalysisLearning/>
* '''[[Classical conditioning#Forward conditioning|Trace conditioning]]''': Akin to B.F. Skinner's radical behaviorism, it is a [[classical conditioning|respondent conditioning]] technique based on [[Ivan Pavlov]]'s concept of a "memory trace" in which the observer recalls the [[conditioned stimulus]] (CS), with the memory or recall being the [[unconditioned response]] (UR). There is also a time delay between the CS and [[unconditioned stimulus]] (US), causing the [[conditioned response]] (CR)—particularly the [[reflex]]—to be faded over time.<ref name=BehaviorAnalysisLearning/> According to Marchand,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Federighi |last2=Traina |first2=G. |last3=Bernardi |first3=R. |date=2018 |title=Contextual fear conditioning modulates the gene expression over time |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.12871/00039829201814 |journal=Archives Italiennes de Biologie |volume=156 |issue=1 |pages=40–47 |doi=10.12871/00039829201814 |doi-broken-date=14 December 2024 |issn=0003-9829 |pmid=30039834|url-access=subscription }}</ref> the hippocampus is a part of the cognitive processes during trace conditioning and other forms of classical conditioning in two ways: needing to overcome stimuli or due to mre activity from complex challenges. However, results may vary due to the nature of the task and the design of the experiment .