Editing Biofeedback (section)

===Pneumograph===
A [[pneumograph]] or respiratory strain gauge uses a flexible sensor band that is placed around the chest, abdomen, or both. The strain gauge method can provide feedback about the relative expansion/contraction of the chest and abdomen, and can measure [[respiratory rate]] (the number of breaths per minute).<ref name="Stern, R. M. 2001"/> Clinicians can use a pneumograph to detect and correct dysfunctional breathing patterns and behaviors. Dysfunctional breathing patterns include [[clavicular breathing]] (breathing that primarily relies on the [[external intercostals]] and the [[accessory muscles of respiration]] to inflate the lungs), reverse breathing (breathing where the abdomen expands during exhalation and contracts during inhalation), and [[thoracic breathing]] (shallow breathing that primarily relies on the external intercostals to inflate the lungs). Dysfunctional breathing behaviors include [[apnea]] (suspension of breathing), gasping, sighing, and wheezing.<ref name="Peper, E. 2008">{{cite book | vauthors = Peper E, Tylova H, Gibney KH, Harvey R, Combatalade D | date = 2008 | title = Biofeedback mastery: An experiential teaching and self-training manual | location = Wheat Ridge, CO | publisher = Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback }}</ref>

A pneumograph is often used in conjunction with an [[electrocardiograph]] (ECG) or photoplethysmograph (PPG) in heart rate variability (HRV) training.<ref name="Lehrer, P. M. 2007 P. M"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lehrer PM, Vaschillo E, Vaschillo B | title = Resonant frequency biofeedback training to increase cardiac variability: rationale and manual for training | journal = Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback | volume = 25 | issue = 3 | pages = 177–91 | date = September 2000 | pmid = 10999236 | doi = 10.1023/A:1009554825745 | s2cid = 163754 }}</ref>

Biofeedback therapists use pneumograph biofeedback with patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders, asthma, chronic pulmonary obstructive disorder (COPD), essential hypertension, [[panic attacks]], and stress.<ref name = Yucha2008/><ref name="Fried, R. 1987">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fried R | date = 1987 | title = The hyperventilation syndrome: Research and clinical treatment | journal = Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry | volume = 51 | issue = 12 | pages = 1600–1 | location = Baltimore | publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press | doi = 10.1136/jnnp.51.12.1600-b | pmid = 3146617 | pmc = 1032792 }}</ref>