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Burping
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==Other animals== Many other [[mammal]]s, such as [[cow]]s, [[dog]]s and [[sheep]], also burp. ===Ruminants=== Much of the gas expelled is produced as a [[byproduct]] of the ruminant's [[digestion|digestive process]]. These gases notably include a large volume of [[methane]], produced exclusively by a narrow cohort of [[methanogen]]ic [[archaea]] [[Gut flora|in the animal's gut]]; ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' (''E. coli'') and other bacteria lack the enzymes and cofactors required for methane production. A lactating cow produces about 322g of methane per day,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Grainger|first1=C.|last2=Clarke|first2=T.|last3=McGinn|first3=S.M.|last4=Auldist|first4=M.J.|last5=Beauchemin|first5=K.A.|last6=Hannah|first6=M.C.|last7=Waghorn|first7=G.C.|last8=Clark|first8=H.|last9=Eckard|first9=R.J.|title=Methane Emissions from Dairy Cows Measured Using the Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Tracer and Chamber Techniques|journal=Journal of Dairy Science|volume=90|issue=6|pages=2755β2766|doi=10.3168/jds.2006-697|pmid=17517715|year=2007|doi-access=free}}</ref> ''i.e.'' more than 117 kg per year through burping and exhalation, making commercially farmed cows a major (37%)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalmethane.org/expo-docs/china07/postexpo/ag_gerber.pdf|title=Livestock's Long Shadow|last=Gerber|first=Pierre}}</ref> contributor to anthropogenic [[methane emissions]], and hence to the [[greenhouse effect]]. 95% of this gas (wind) is emitted through burping.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Polakovic|first1=Gary|title=Bovine belching called udderly serious gas problem: Global warming concerns spur effort to cut methane|date=13 July 2003|url=http://www.mycattle.com/health/dsp_health_article.cfm?storyid=10045|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040813063303/http://www.mycattle.com/health/dsp_health_article.cfm?storyid=10045|archive-date=13 August 2004}}</ref> This has led scientists at the [[Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation]] of [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], [[Australia]], to develop an anti-methanogen vaccine to minimize methane in cow burps.<ref>{{cite news |author=Nowak, R. |title=Burp vaccine cuts greenhouse gas emissions |newspaper=[[New Scientist]] |date=5 September 2004 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6431}}</ref> One reason why cows burp so much is that they are often fed foods that their digestive systems cannot fully process, such as [[maize|corn]] and [[soy]]. Some farmers have reduced burping in their cows by feeding them [[alfalfa]] and [[flaxseed]], which are closer to the grasses that they had eaten in the wild before they were domesticated.<ref>{{cite news |title=Greening the Herds: A New Diet to Cap Gas |newspaper=The New York Times|date=4 June 2009 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/05/us/05cows.html}}</ref> ===Birds=== There is no documented evidence that birds burp, though [[ornithologist]]s believe that there is nothing which physiologically prevents them from doing so. However, since the [[microbiota]] of birds do not include the same set of gas-producing bacteria that mammals have to aid in digestion, gas hardly builds up in the [[gastrointestinal tract]]s of birds.<ref name="Schwanke">{{cite web|last1=Schwanke|first1=Catherine|title=Is It True That Birds Can't Fart?|url=http://www.popsci.com/environment/article/2009-05/it-true-birds-cant-fart|website=[[Popular Science]]|access-date=18 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426034552/http://www.popsci.com/environment/article/2009-05/it-true-birds-cant-fart|archive-date=26 April 2016|date=4 June 2009}}</ref>
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