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Calculus of constructions
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===Defining data types=== The basic data types used in computer science can be defined within the calculus of constructions: ; Booleans : <math>\forall A: \mathbf{P} . A \Rightarrow A \Rightarrow A</math> ; Naturals : <math>\forall A: \mathbf{P} . (A \Rightarrow A) \Rightarrow A \Rightarrow A</math> ; Product <math>A \times B</math> : <math>A \wedge B</math> ; Disjoint union <math>A + B</math> : <math>A \vee B</math> Note that Booleans and Naturals are defined in the same way as in [[Church encoding]]. However, additional problems arise from propositional extensionality and proof irrelevance.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Standard Library {{!}} The Coq Proof Assistant|url=https://coq.inria.fr/stdlib/Coq.Logic.ClassicalFacts.html|access-date=2020-08-08|website=coq.inria.fr}}</ref>
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