Editing Cartridge (firearms) (section)

===Manufacturing===
[[File:0.30-30 Winchester case, stages in the drawing process, book; Cartridge Manufacture (1916), author; Douglas T. Hamilton.png|thumb|upright=1.6|.30–30 Winchester case, stages in the drawing process, book; from Hamilton<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/cartridgemanufac00hamirich |title=Cartridge manufacture; a treatise covering the manufacture of rifle cartridge cases, bullets, powders, primers and cartridge clips, and the designing and making of the tools used in connection with the production of cartridge cases and bullets |last=Hamilton |first=Douglas Thomas |date=1916 |location=New York |publisher=The Industrial Press |access-date=8 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606192744/https://archive.org/details/cartridgemanufac00hamirich |archive-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Beginning in the 1860s, early metallic cartridges (e. g. for the [[Montigny mitrailleuse]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.victorianshipmodels.com/antitorpedoboatguns/Mitrailleuse/mitrailleuseammu.html | title=Mitrailleuse Ammunition | access-date=10 August 2022 | archive-date=18 October 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018081700/http://www.victorianshipmodels.com/antitorpedoboatguns/Mitrailleuse/mitrailleuseammu.html | url-status=live }}</ref> or the [[Snider–Enfield]] rifle<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sites.google.com/site/britmilammo/-577-inch-snider/-577-inch-ball-pattern-i-to-v | title=British Military Small Arms Ammo - .577 inch Ball Pattern I to V | access-date=10 August 2022 | archive-date=10 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810113235/https://sites.google.com/site/britmilammo/-577-inch-snider/-577-inch-ball-pattern-i-to-v | url-status=live }}</ref>) were produced similarly to the paper cartridges, with sides made from thick paper, but with copper (later brass) foil supporting the base of the cartridge and some more details in it holding the primer. In the 1870s, brass foil covered all of the cartridge, and the technology to make solid cases, in which the metallic cartridges described below were developed, but before the 1880s, it was far too expensive and time-consuming for mass production<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sites.google.com/site/britmilammo/-450-inch-martini-henry/-45-martini-henry-drawn-case | title=British Military Small Arms Ammo - .45 Martini-Henry Solid Case Rifle | access-date=10 August 2022 | archive-date=10 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810113236/https://sites.google.com/site/britmilammo/-450-inch-martini-henry/-45-martini-henry-drawn-case | url-status=live }}</ref> and the metallurgy was not yet perfected.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.victorianshipmodels.com/antitorpedoboatguns/Hotchkiss/hotchkissammunit.html | title=Hotchkiss Ammunition | access-date=10 August 2022 | archive-date=5 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505235020/http://www.victorianshipmodels.com/antitorpedoboatguns/Hotchkiss/hotchkissammunit.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

To manufacture cases for cartridges, a sheet of brass is punched into disks. These disks go through a series of [[deep drawing|drawing dies]]. The disks are [[annealing (metallurgy)|annealed]] and washed before moving to the next series of dies. The brass needs to be annealed to remove the work-hardening in the material and make the brass malleable again ready for the next series of dies.<ref name=":0"/>

Manufacturing bullet jackets is similar to making brass cases: there is a series of drawing steps with annealing and washing.<ref name=":0" />