Editing Cheap talk (section)

====Utility====
The decision of ''S'' regarding the content of ''m'' is based on maximizing his utility, given what he expects ''R'' to do. Utility is a way to quantify satisfaction or wishes. It can be financial profits, or non-financial satisfaction—for instance the extent to which the environment is protected.
''→ Quadratic utilities:''
The respective utilities of ''S'' and ''R'' can be specified by the following:
<math display="block">U^S(a, t) = -(a-t-b)^2</math>
<math display="block">U^R(a,t)=-(a-t)^2</math>

The theory applies to more general forms of utility, but quadratic preferences makes exposition easier. Thus ''S'' and ''R'' have different objectives if ''b ≠ 0''. Parameter ''b'' is interpreted as ''conflict of interest'' between the two players, or alternatively as bias.''U<sup>R</sup>'' is maximized when ''a = t'', meaning that the receiver wants to take action that matches the state of the world, which he does not know in general. ''U<sup>S</sup>'' is maximized when ''a = t + b'', meaning that ''S'' wants a slightly higher action to be taken, if ''b > 0''. Since ''S'' does not control action, ''S'' must obtain the desired action by choosing what information to reveal. Each player's utility depends on the state of the world and on both players' decisions that eventually lead to action ''a''.