Editing Civilization (video game) (section)

==Legacy==
{{See also|Civilization (series)}}

There have been several sequels to ''Civilization'', including ''[[Civilization II]]'' (1996), ''[[Civilization III]]'' (2001), ''[[Civilization IV]]'' (2005), ''[[Civilization Revolution]]'' (2008), ''[[Civilization V]]'' (2010), ''[[Civilization VI]]'' (2016), and ''[[Civilization VII]]'' in 2025. In 1994, Meier produced a similar game titled ''[[Sid Meier's Colonization|Colonization]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gameology.org/alien_other/colonization |title=Sid Meier's Colonization |publisher=Gameology |access-date=November 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501194619/http://www.gameology.org/alien_other/colonization |archive-date=May 1, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

''Civilization'' is generally considered the first major game in the genre of "[[4X]]", with the four "X"s equating to "explore, expand, exploit, and exterminate", a term developed by [[Alan Emrich]] in promoting 1993's ''[[Master of Orion]]''.<ref name="Emrich1993">{{cite news |first=Alan |last=Emrich |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1993&pub=2&id=110 |title=MicroProse's Strategic Space Opera is Rated XXXX |work=Computer Gaming World (Issue #110) |date=September 1993 |pages=92–93 }}</ref> While other video games with the principles of 4X had been released prior to ''Civilization'', future 4X games would attribute some of their basic design principles to ''Civilization''.<ref name="cgw199112">{{Cite magazine
 |last=Emrich
 |first=Alan
 |date=December 1991
 |title=Making the Best of All Possible Worlds
 |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1991&pub=2&id=89
 |magazine=Computer Gaming World
 |pages=86–90
}}</ref>

A famous supposed bug in the original game - later debunked - is that a computer-controlled [[Gandhi]], normally a highly peaceful leader, could become a nuclear warmonger if provoked. It was theorized that the game started Gandhi's "aggression value" at 1 out of a maximum 255 possible for an [[8-bit|8-bit unsigned integer]], making a computer-controlled Gandhi tend to avoid armed conflict. However, once a civilization achieves democracy as its form of government, its leader's aggression value falls by 2. Under normal arithmetic principles, Gandhi's "1" would be reduced to "-1", but because the value is an 8-bit unsigned integer, it supposedly wraps around to "255", causing Gandhi to suddenly become the most aggressive opponent in the game.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geek.com/games/why-gandhi-is-always-a-warmongering-jerk-in-civilization-1608515/ |title=What caused Gandhi's insatiable bloodlust in Civilization {{!}} Games {{!}} Geek.com |website=@geekdotcom |access-date=2016-08-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722112142/http://www.geek.com/games/why-gandhi-is-always-a-warmongering-jerk-in-civilization-1608515/ |archive-date=July 22, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="kotaku ghandi">{{cite web
 |url=http://kotaku.com/why-gandhi-is-such-an-asshole-in-civilization-1653818245 
 |title=Why Gandhi Is Such An Asshole In Civilization 
 |first=Luke 
 |last=Plunkett 
 |date=March 2, 2016 
 |access-date=September 23, 2016 
 |work=[[Kotaku]] 
 |url-status=live 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920155752/http://kotaku.com/why-gandhi-is-such-an-asshole-in-civilization-1653818245 
 |archive-date=September 20, 2016 
}}</ref>

Interviewed in 2019, developer Brian Reynolds said with "99.99% certainty" that this story was apocryphal, recalling Gandhi's coded aggression level as being no lower than other peaceful leaders in the game, and doubting that a wraparound would have had the effect described. He noted that all leaders in the game become "pretty ornery" after their acquisition of nuclear weapons, and suggested that this behaviour simply seemed more surprising and memorable when it happened to Gandhi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Did Nuclear Gandhi ever really happen in Civilization? | date=July 31, 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ur3SdgkW8W4?t=399 | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211124/Ur3SdgkW8W4| archive-date=2021-11-24 | url-status=live|publisher=[[People Make Games]] |access-date=1 August 2019 |language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Meier, in his autobiography, stated "That kind of bug comes from something called unsigned characters, which are not the default in the C programming language, and not something I used for the leader traits. Brian Reynolds wrote Civ II in C++, and he didn't use them, either. We received no complaints about a Gandhi bug when either game came out, nor did we send out any revisions for one. Gandhi's military aggressiveness score remained at 1 throughout the game." He then explains the overflow error story was made up in 2012. It spread from there to a [[Wikia]] entry, then eventually to [[Reddit]], and was picked up by news sites like [[Kotaku]] and [[Geek.com]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Meier |first1=Sid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szTTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT209 |title=Sid Meier's Memoir!: A Life in Computer Games |last2=Nooman |first2=Jennifer Lee |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-1324005872 |page=263 |language=en |author-link=Sid Meier}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-08/sid-meier-s-memoir-recounts-the-life-of-legendary-civilization-creator?srnd=technology-vp | title = Creator of 'Civilization' Looks Back at One of the Longest Careers in the Industry | first= Jason | last =Schreier | date = September 8, 2020 | access-date = September 8, 2020 | work = [[Bloomberg News]] }}</ref> The story may have originated from the fact that 2010's ''[[Civilization V]]'' was deliberately written with Gandhi having an affinity for nuclear weapons, added as a joke by developer [[Jon Shafer]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://overclockers.ru/softnews/show/78766/-razrushitel-mirov-gandi-vozglavlyaet-indiju-v-civilization-vi |script-title=ru:«Разрушитель миров» Ганди возглавляет Индию в Civilization VI |trans-title="Destroyer of Worlds" Gandhi leads India in Civilization VI |author=Михаил Андреев |website=Overclockers.ru |date=2016-08-30 |language=ru |access-date=2020-09-21 }}</ref> The misinformation around this bug led to the meme known as "[[Nuclear Gandhi]]".<ref name="kotaku ghandi"/>

Another relic of ''Civilization'' was the nature of combat where a military unit from earlier civilization periods could remain in play through modern times, gaining combat bonuses due to veteran proficiency, leading to these primitive units easily beating out modern technology against all common sense, with the common example of a veteran phalanx unit able to fend off a battleship. Meier noted that this resulted from not anticipating how players would use units, expecting them to have used their forces more like a war-based board game to protect borders and maintain zones of control rather than creating "stacks of doom". Future civilization games have had many changes in combat systems to prevent such oddities, though these games do allow for such random victories.<ref name="arstech gdc2017" />

The 1999 game ''[[Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri]]'' was also created by Meier and is in the same genre, but with a futuristic/space theme; many of the interface and gameplay innovations in this game eventually made their way into ''Civilization III'' and ''IV''. ''Alpha Centauri'' is not actually a sequel to ''Civilization'', despite beginning with the same event that ends ''Civilization'' and ''Civilization II'': a crewed spacecraft from Earth arrives in the [[Alpha Centauri]] star system. Firaxis' 2014 game ''[[Civilization: Beyond Earth]]'', although bearing the name of the main series, is a reimagining of ''Alpha Centauri'' running on the engine of ''Civilization V''.

A 1994 ''Computer Gaming World'' survey of space war games stated that "the lesson of this incredibly popular wargame has not been lost on the software community, and technological research popped up all over the place in 1993", citing ''[[Spaceward Ho!]]'' and ''[[Master of Orion]]'' as examples.<ref name="cirulis199402">{{Cite magazine |last=Cirulis |first=Martin E. |date=February 1994 |title=The Year The Stars Fell |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=115 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |pages=94–104}}</ref> That year MicroProse published ''[[Master of Magic]]'', a similar game but embedded in a medieval-fantasy setting where instead of technologies the player (a powerful wizard) develops spells, among other things. In 1999, [[Activision]] released ''[[Civilization: Call to Power]]'', a sequel of sorts to ''[[Civilization II]]'' but created by a completely different design team. ''Call to Power'' spawned a sequel in 2000, but by then Activision had sold<ref>{{Cite web |title=Civilization Lawsuit Settled |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/civilization-lawsuit-settled/1100-2464077/ |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref> the rights to the ''Civilization'' name and could only call it ''[[Call to Power II]]''.

An open source clone of ''Civilization'' has been developed under the name of ''[[Freeciv]]'', with the slogan "'Cause civilization should be free." This game can be configured to match the rules of either ''Civilization'' or ''Civilization II''. Another game that partially clones ''Civilization'' is a [[public domain]] game called ''[[C-evo]]''.